diff --git a/src/adl/main.clj b/src/adl/main.clj
index c82f1e2..8d2e0d9 100644
--- a/src/adl/main.clj
+++ b/src/adl/main.clj
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 (ns ^{:doc "Application Description Language - command line invocation."
       :author "Simon Brooke"}
   adl.main
-  (:require [adl.to-hugsql-queries :as h]
+  (:require [adl.to-cache :as c]
+            [adl.to-hugsql-queries :as h]
             [adl.to-json-routes :as j]
             [adl.to-psql :as p]
             [adl.to-selmer-routes :as s]
@@ -52,8 +53,7 @@
     :default "generated"]
    ["-v" "--verbosity [LEVEL]" nil "Verbosity level - integer value required"
     :parse-fn #(Integer/parseInt %)
-    :default 0]
-   ])
+    :default 0]])
 
 
 (defn usage
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@
         #(if
            (.exists (java.io.File. %))
            (let [application (x/parse (canonicalise %))]
+             (c/to-cache application)
              (h/to-hugsql-queries application)
              (j/to-json-routes application)
              (p/to-psql application)
diff --git a/src/adl/to_cache.clj b/src/adl/to_cache.clj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c77d85f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/adl/to_cache.clj
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+(ns ^{:doc "Application Description Language: generate caching layer for database requests."
+      :author "Simon Brooke"}
+  adl.to-cache
+  (:require [adl-support.core :refer :all]
+            [adl-support.utils :refer :all]
+            [adl.to-hugsql-queries :refer [generate-documentation queries]]
+            [clj-time.core :as t]
+            [clj-time.format :as f]
+            [clojure.java.io :refer [file make-parents writer]]
+            [clojure.pprint :refer [pprint]]))
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;
+;;;; adl.to-cache: generate caching layer for database requests.
+;;;;
+;;;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+;;;; modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+;;;; as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+;;;; of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+;;;;
+;;;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+;;;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+;;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
+;;;;
+;;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;;;; along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+;;;; Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301,
+;;;; USA.
+;;;;
+;;;; Copyright (C) 2018 Simon Brooke
+;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
+;;; You can't cache the actual HugSQL functions (or at least, I don't know how
+;;; you would); there's no point caching JSON requests because the request data
+;;; will be different every time.
+
+;;; The overall structure of this has quite closely to follow the structure of
+;;; to-hugsql-queries, because essentially we need one JSON entry point to wrap
+;;; each query.
+
+;;; TODO: memoisation of handlers probably doesn't make sense, because every request
+;;; will be different. I don't think we can memoise HugSQL, at least not without
+;;; hacking the library (might be worth doing that and contributing a patch).
+;;; So the solution may be to an intervening namespace 'cache', which has one
+;;; memoised function for each hugsql query.
+
+(defn file-header
+  "Generate an appropriate file header for JSON routes for this `application`."
+  [application]
+  (list
+    'ns
+    (symbol (str (safe-name (:name (:attrs application))) ".cache"))
+    (str "Caching wrappers for queries for " (:name (:attrs application))
+         " auto-generated by [Application Description Language framework](https://github.com/simon-brooke/adl) at "
+         (f/unparse (f/formatters :basic-date-time) (t/now)))
+    (list
+      :require
+      '[adl-support.core :refer :all]
+      '[adl-support.rest-support :refer :all]
+      '[clojure.core.memoize :as memo]
+      '[clojure.java.io :as io]
+      '[clojure.tools.logging :as log]
+      '[compojure.core :refer [defroutes GET POST]]
+      '[hugsql.core :as hugsql]
+      '[noir.response :as nresponse]
+      '[noir.util.route :as route]
+      '[ring.util.http-response :as response]
+      (vector (symbol (str (safe-name (:name (:attrs application))) ".db.core")) :as 'db))))
+
+
+(defn handler
+  "Generate declarations for handlers for this `query`. Cache handlers are needed only for select queries."
+  [query]
+  (let [handler-name (symbol (:name query))
+        v (volatility (:entity query))]
+    (if (and
+          (number? v)
+          (> v 0)
+          (#{:select-1 :select-many :text-search}(:type query)))
+      (list
+        'def
+        handler-name
+        (str
+          "Auto-generated function to "
+          (generate-documentation query))
+        (list
+          'memo/ttl
+          (list
+            'fn
+            ['connection 'params]
+            (list
+              (symbol (str "db/" (:name query)))
+              'connection 'params))
+          {}
+          :ttl/threshold
+          (* v 1000))))))
+
+
+(defn to-cache
+  "Generate a `/cache.clj` file for this `application`."
+  [application]
+  (let [queries-map (queries application)
+        filepath (str *output-path* "src/clj/" (:name (:attrs application)) "/cache.clj")]
+    (make-parents filepath)
+    (do-or-warn
+      (with-open [output (writer filepath)]
+        (binding [*out* output]
+          (pprint (file-header application))
+          (println)
+          (doall
+            (map
+              (fn [k]
+                (let [k (handler (queries-map k))]
+                  (if k
+                    (do
+                      (pprint k)
+                      (println)))
+                  k))
+              (sort (keys queries-map)))))))
+    (if (pos? *verbosity*)
+      (*warn* (str "\tGenerated " filepath)))))
+
diff --git a/src/adl/to_hugsql_queries.clj b/src/adl/to_hugsql_queries.clj
index a6c9c96..9b86ce8 100644
--- a/src/adl/to_hugsql_queries.clj
+++ b/src/adl/to_hugsql_queries.clj
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@
       property-names (map #(:name (:attrs %)) properties)]
      (if-not (empty? property-names)
        (str
-        "WHERE "
-        (s/join
-         "\n\tAND "
-         (map
-          #(str entity-name "." (safe-name % :sql) " = :" %)
-          property-names)))))))
+         "WHERE "
+         (s/join
+           "\n\tAND "
+           (map
+             #(str entity-name "." (safe-name % :sql) " = :" %)
+             property-names)))))))
 
 
 (defn order-by-clause
@@ -63,26 +63,26 @@
   ([entity prefix]
    (order-by-clause entity prefix false))
   ([entity prefix expanded?]
-  (let
-    [entity-name (safe-name entity :sql)
-     preferred (filter #(#{"user" "all"} (-> % :attrs :distinct))
-                         (descendants-with-tag entity :property))]
-    (if
-      (empty? preferred)
-      ""
-      (str
-        "ORDER BY " prefix entity-name "."
-        (s/join
-          (str ",\n\t" prefix entity-name ".")
-          (map
-            #(if
-               (and expanded? (= "entity" (-> % :attrs :type)))
-               (str (safe-name % :sql) expanded-token)
-               (safe-name % :sql))
-            (order-preserving-set
-              (concat
-                preferred
-                (key-properties entity))))))))))
+   (let
+     [entity-name (safe-name entity :sql)
+      preferred (filter #(#{"user" "all"} (-> % :attrs :distinct))
+                        (descendants-with-tag entity :property))]
+     (if
+       (empty? preferred)
+       ""
+       (str
+         "ORDER BY " prefix entity-name "."
+         (s/join
+           (str ",\n\t" prefix entity-name ".")
+           (map
+             #(if
+                (and expanded? (= "entity" (-> % :attrs :type)))
+                (str (safe-name % :sql) expanded-token)
+                (safe-name % :sql))
+             (order-preserving-set
+               (concat
+                 preferred
+                 (key-properties entity))))))))))
 
 ;; (def a (x/parse "../youyesyet/youyesyet.adl.xml"))
 ;; (def e (child-with-tag a :entity #(= "dwellings" (-> % :attrs :name))))
@@ -131,31 +131,31 @@
 (defn update-query
   "Generate an appropriate `update` query for this `entity`"
   [entity]
-    (let [entity-name (safe-name entity :sql)
-          pretty-name (singularise entity-name)
-          property-names (map
-                          #(-> % :attrs :name)
-                          (insertable-properties entity))
-          query-name (str "update-" pretty-name "!")
-          signature ":! :n"]
-      (hash-map
-        (keyword query-name)
-        {:name query-name
-         :signature signature
-         :entity entity
-         :type :update-1
-         :query
-         (str "-- :name " query-name " " signature "\n"
-              "-- :doc updates an existing " pretty-name " record\n"
-              "UPDATE " entity-name "\n"
-              "SET "
-              (s/join
-               ",\n\t"
-               (map
+  (let [entity-name (safe-name entity :sql)
+        pretty-name (singularise entity-name)
+        property-names (map
+                         #(-> % :attrs :name)
+                         (insertable-properties entity))
+        query-name (str "update-" pretty-name "!")
+        signature ":! :n"]
+    (hash-map
+      (keyword query-name)
+      {:name query-name
+       :signature signature
+       :entity entity
+       :type :update-1
+       :query
+       (str "-- :name " query-name " " signature "\n"
+            "-- :doc updates an existing " pretty-name " record\n"
+            "UPDATE " entity-name "\n"
+            "SET "
+            (s/join
+              ",\n\t"
+              (map
                 #(str (safe-name % :sql) " = " (keyword %))
                 property-names))
-              "\n"
-              (where-clause entity))})))
+            "\n"
+            (where-clause entity))})))
 
 
 (defn search-query [entity application]
@@ -193,29 +193,29 @@
                      #(let
                         [sn (safe-name % :sql)]
                         (str
-                        "(if (:" (-> % :attrs :name) " params) (str \"AND "
-                        (case (-> % :attrs :type)
-                          ("string" "text")
-                          (str
-                            sn
-                            " LIKE '%\" (:" (-> % :attrs :name) " params) \"%' ")
-                          ("date" "time" "timestamp")
-                          (str
-                            sn
-                            " = ':" (-> % :attrs :name) "'")
-                          "entity"
-                          (str
-                           sn
-                            "_expanded LIKE '%\" (:" (-> % :attrs :name) " params) \"%'")
-                          (str
-                            sn
-                            " = :"
-                            (-> % :attrs :name)))
-                        "\"))"))
+                          "(if (:" (-> % :attrs :name) " params) (str \"AND "
+                          (case (-> % :attrs :type)
+                            ("string" "text")
+                            (str
+                              sn
+                              " LIKE '%\" (:" (-> % :attrs :name) " params) \"%' ")
+                            ("date" "time" "timestamp")
+                            (str
+                              sn
+                              " = ':" (-> % :attrs :name) "'")
+                            "entity"
+                            (str
+                              sn
+                              "_expanded LIKE '%\" (:" (-> % :attrs :name) " params) \"%'")
+                            (str
+                              sn
+                              " = :"
+                              (-> % :attrs :name)))
+                          "\"))"))
                      properties))))
-               (order-by-clause entity "lv_" true)
-               "--~ (if (:offset params) \"OFFSET :offset \")"
-               "--~ (if (:limit params) \"LIMIT :limit\" \"LIMIT 100\")")))})))
+             (order-by-clause entity "lv_" true)
+             "--~ (if (:offset params) \"OFFSET :offset \")"
+             "--~ (if (:limit params) \"LIMIT :limit\" \"LIMIT 100\")")))})))
 
 ;; (search-query e a)
 
@@ -345,11 +345,11 @@
                                (str "\tAND " link-table-name "." (singularise entity-safe) "_id = :id")
                                (order-by-clause far-entity "lv_" false)))
                     "list" (list
-                               (str "-- :name " query-name " " signature)
-                               (str "-- :doc lists all existing " pretty-far " records related to a given " pretty-name)
-                               (str "SELECT lv_" safe-far ".* \nFROM lv_" safe-far)
-                               (str "WHERE lv_" safe-far "." (safe-name (first (key-names far-entity)) :sql) " = :id")
-                               (order-by-clause far-entity "lv_" false))
+                             (str "-- :name " query-name " " signature)
+                             (str "-- :doc lists all existing " pretty-far " records related to a given " pretty-name)
+                             (str "SELECT lv_" safe-far ".* \nFROM lv_" safe-far)
+                             (str "WHERE lv_" safe-far "." (safe-name (first (key-names far-entity)) :sql) " = :id")
+                             (order-by-clause far-entity "lv_" false))
                     (list (str "ERROR: unexpected type " link-type " of property " %)))))
               }))
         links))))
@@ -403,23 +403,94 @@
   (let [filepath (str *output-path* "resources/sql/queries.auto.sql")]
     (make-parents filepath)
     (do-or-warn
-     (do
-       (spit
-        filepath
-        (s/join
-         "\n\n"
-         (cons
-          (emit-header
-           "--"
-           "File queries.sql"
-           (str "autogenerated by adl.to-hugsql-queries at " (t/now))
-           "See [Application Description Language](https://github.com/simon-brooke/adl).")
-          (map
-           :query
-           (sort
-            #(compare (:name %1) (:name %2))
-            (vals
-             (queries application)))))))
-       (if (pos? *verbosity*)
-         (*warn* (str "\tGenerated " filepath)))))))
+      (do
+        (spit
+          filepath
+          (s/join
+            "\n\n"
+            (cons
+              (emit-header
+                "--"
+                "File queries.sql"
+                (str "autogenerated by adl.to-hugsql-queries at " (t/now))
+                "See [Application Description Language](https://github.com/simon-brooke/adl).")
+              (map
+                :query
+                (sort
+                  #(compare (:name %1) (:name %2))
+                  (vals
+                    (queries application)))))))
+        (if (pos? *verbosity*)
+          (*warn* (str "\tGenerated " filepath)))))))
 
+
+(defn generate-documentation
+  "Generate, as a string, appropriate documentation for a function wrapping this `query` map."
+  [query]
+  (let [v (volatility (:entity query))]
+    (s/join
+      " "
+      (list
+        (case
+          (:type query)
+          :delete-1
+          (str "delete one record from the `"
+               (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
+               "` table. Expects the following key(s) to be present in `params`: `"
+               (-> query :entity key-names)
+               "`.")
+          :insert-1
+          (str "insert one record to the `"
+               (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
+               "` table. Expects the following key(s) to be present in `params`: `"
+               (pr-str
+                 (map
+                   #(keyword (:name (:attrs %)))
+                   (-> query :entity insertable-properties )))
+               "`. Returns a map containing the keys `"
+               (-> query :entity key-names)
+               "` identifying the record created.")
+          :select-1
+          (str "select one record from the `"
+               (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
+               "` table. Expects the following key(s) to be present in `params`: `"
+               (-> query :entity key-names)
+               "`. Returns a map containing the following keys: `"
+               (map #(keyword (:name (:attrs %))) (-> query :entity all-properties))
+               "`.")
+          :select-many
+          (str "select all records from the `"
+               (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
+               "` table. If the keys `(:limit :offset)` are present in the request then they will be used to page through the data. Returns a sequence of maps each containing the following keys: `"
+               (pr-str
+                 (map
+                   #(keyword (:name (:attrs %)))
+                   (-> query :entity all-properties)))
+               "`.")
+          :text-search
+          (str "select all records from the `"
+               (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
+               ;; TODO: this doc-string is out of date
+               "` table with any text field matching the value of the key `:pattern` which should be in the request. If the keys `(:limit :offset)` are present in the request then they will be used to page through the data. Returns a sequence of maps each containing the following keys: `"
+               (pr-str
+                 (map
+                   #(keyword (:name (:attrs %)))
+                   (-> query :entity all-properties)))
+               "`.")
+          :update-1
+          (str "update one record in the `"
+               (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
+               "` table. Expects the following key(s) to be present in `params`: `"
+               (pr-str
+                 (distinct
+                   (sort
+                     (map
+                       #(keyword (:name (:attrs %)))
+                       (flatten
+                         (cons
+                           (-> query :entity key-properties)
+                           (-> query :entity insertable-properties)))))))
+               "`."))
+        (if-not
+          (zero? v)
+          (str "Results will be held in cache for " v " seconds."))))))
diff --git a/src/adl/to_json_routes.clj b/src/adl/to_json_routes.clj
index 9b0b3d1..4713678 100644
--- a/src/adl/to_json_routes.clj
+++ b/src/adl/to_json_routes.clj
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   adl.to-json-routes
   (:require [adl-support.core :refer :all]
             [adl-support.utils :refer :all]
-            [adl.to-hugsql-queries :refer [queries]]
+            [adl.to-hugsql-queries :refer [generate-documentation queries]]
             [clj-time.core :as t]
             [clj-time.format :as f]
             [clojure.java.io :refer [file make-parents writer]]
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
       '[noir.response :as nresponse]
       '[noir.util.route :as route]
       '[ring.util.http-response :as response]
+      (vector (symbol (str (safe-name (:name (:attrs application))) ".cache")) :as 'cache)
       (vector (symbol (str (safe-name (:name (:attrs application))) ".db.core")) :as 'db))))
 
 
@@ -79,79 +80,82 @@
   "Generate and return the function body for the handler for this `query`."
   [query]
   (list
-   ['request]
-   (list
-    'let
-    ['params (list
-               'merge
-               (apply hash-map
-                     (interleave
-                       (map
-                         #(keyword (column-name %))
-                         (descendants-with-tag
-                           (:entity query)
-                           :property
-                           #(not (= (-> % :attrs :required) "true"))))
-                       (repeat nil)))
-                   '(massage-params request))]
-    (list
-     'valid-user-or-forbid
-     (list
-      'with-params-or-error
+    ['request]
+    (let
+      [v (volatility (:entity query))
+       function (symbol (str
+                          (if
+                            (and
+                              (number? v)
+                              (> v 0)
+                              (#{:select-1 :select-many :text-search} (:type query)))
+                            "cache"
+                            "db")
+                          "/"
+                          (:name query)))]
+
       (list
-       'do-or-server-fail
-       (list
-        (symbol (str "db/" (:name query)))
-        'db/*db* 'params)
-       (case (:type query)
-         :insert-1 201 ;; created
-         :delete-1 204 ;; no content
-         ;; default
-         200)) ;; OK
-      'params
-      (set
-       (map
-        #(keyword (column-name %))
-        (case (:type query)
-          :insert-1
-          (-> query :entity required-properties)
-          :update-1 (concat
-                      (-> query :entity key-properties)
-                      (-> query :entity required-properties))
-          (:select-1 :delete-1)
-          (-> query :entity key-properties)
-          ;; default
-          nil))))
-     'request))))
+        'let
+        ['params (list
+                   'merge
+                   (apply hash-map
+                          (interleave
+                            (map
+                              #(keyword (column-name %))
+                              (descendants-with-tag
+                                (:entity query)
+                                :property
+                                #(not (= (-> % :attrs :required) "true"))))
+                            (repeat nil)))
+                   '(massage-params request))]
+        (list
+          'valid-user-or-forbid
+          (list
+            'with-params-or-error
+            (list
+              'do-or-server-fail
+              (list
+                function
+                'db/*db* 'params)
+              (case (:type query)
+                :insert-1 201 ;; created
+                :delete-1 204 ;; no content
+                ;; default
+                200)) ;; OK
+            'params
+            (set
+              (map
+                #(keyword (column-name %))
+                (case (:type query)
+                  :insert-1
+                  (-> query :entity required-properties)
+                  :update-1 (concat
+                              (-> query :entity key-properties)
+                              (-> query :entity required-properties))
+                  (:select-1 :delete-1)
+                  (-> query :entity key-properties)
+                  ;; default
+                  nil))))
+          'request)))))
 
 
 (defn generate-handler-src
   "Generate and return the handler for this `query`."
-  [handler-name query-map method doc]
-  (hash-map
-    :method method
-    :src (remove
-           nil?
-           (if
-             (or
-               (zero? (volatility (:entity query-map)))
-               (#{:delete-1 :insert-1 :update-1} (:type query-map)))
+  [handler-name query-map method]
+  (let [doc (str
+              "Auto-generated function to "
+              (generate-documentation query-map))
+        v (volatility (:entity query-map))]
+    (hash-map
+      :method method
+      :src (remove
+             nil?
              (concat
                (list
                  'defn
                  handler-name
-                 (str "Auto-generated method to " doc))
-               (generate-handler-body query-map))
-             (concat
-               (list
-                 'def
-                 handler-name
-                 (list
-                   'memo/ttl
-                   (cons 'fn (generate-handler-body query-map))
-                   {}
-                   :ttl/threshold
-                   (* (volatility (:entity query-map)) 1000))))))))
+                 doc
+                 (generate-handler-body query-map)))))))
 
 
 (defn handler
@@ -168,78 +172,14 @@
          :route (str "/json/" handler-name)}
         (case
           (:type query)
-          :delete-1
+          (:delete-1 :insert-1 :update-1)
           (generate-handler-src
-            handler-name query :post
-            (str "delete one record from the `"
-                 (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
-                 "` table. Expects the following key(s) to be present in `params`: `"
-                 (-> query :entity key-names)
-                 "`."))
-          :insert-1
+            handler-name query :post)
+          (:select-1 :select-many :text-search)
           (generate-handler-src
-            handler-name query :post
-            (str "insert one record to the `"
-                 (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
-                 "` table. Expects the following key(s) to be present in `params`: `"
-                 (pr-str
-                   (map
-                     #(keyword (:name (:attrs %)))
-                     (-> query :entity insertable-properties )))
-                 "`. Returns a map containing the keys `"
-                 (-> query :entity key-names)
-                 "` identifying the record created."))
-          :update-1
-          (generate-handler-src
-            handler-name query :post
-            (str "update one record in the `"
-                 (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
-                 "` table. Expects the following key(s) to be present in `params`: `"
-                 (pr-str
-                   (distinct
-                     (sort
-                       (map
-                         #(keyword (:name (:attrs %)))
-                         (flatten
-                           (cons
-                             (-> query :entity key-properties)
-                             (-> query :entity insertable-properties)))))))
-                 "`."))
-          :select-1
-          (generate-handler-src
-            handler-name query :get
-            (str "select one record from the `"
-                 (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
-                 "` table. Expects the following key(s) to be present in `params`: `"
-                 (-> query :entity key-names)
-                 "`. Returns a map containing the following keys: `"
-                 (map #(keyword (:name (:attrs %))) (-> query :entity all-properties))
-                 "`."))
-          :select-many
-          (generate-handler-src
-            handler-name query :get
-            (str "select all records from the `"
-                 (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
-                 "` table. If the keys `(:limit :offset)` are present in the request then they will be used to page through the data. Returns a sequence of maps each containing the following keys: `"
-                 (pr-str
-                   (map
-                     #(keyword (:name (:attrs %)))
-                     (-> query :entity all-properties)))
-                 "`."))
-          :text-search
-          (generate-handler-src
-            handler-name query :get
-            (str "select all records from the `"
-                 (-> query :entity :attrs :name)
-                 ;; TODO: this doc-string is out of date
-                 "` table with any text field matching the value of the key `:pattern` which should be in the request. If the keys `(:limit :offset)` are present in the request then they will be used to page through the data. Returns a sequence of maps each containing the following keys: `"
-                 (pr-str
-                   (map
-                     #(keyword (:name (:attrs %)))
-                     (-> query :entity all-properties)))
-                 "`."))
+            handler-name query :get)
           (:select-many-to-many
-           :select-one-to-many)
+            :select-one-to-many)
           (hash-map :method :get
                     :src (list 'defn handler-name [{:keys ['params]}]
                                (list 'do (list (symbol (str "db/" (:name query))) 'params))))
@@ -249,26 +189,6 @@
             (str ";; don't know what to do with query `" :key "` of type `" (:type query) "`.")))))))
 
 
-(defn defroutes
-  "Generate JSON routes for all queries implied by this ADL `application` spec."
-  [handlers-map]
-  (cons
-    'defroutes
-    (cons
-      'auto-rest-routes
-      (map
-        #(let [handler (handlers-map %)]
-           (list
-             (symbol (s/upper-case (name (:method handler))))
-             (str "/json/auto/" (safe-name (:name handler)))
-             'request
-              (list
-                'route/restricted
-               (list (:name handler) 'request))))
-        (sort
-          (keys handlers-map))))))
-
-
 (defn make-handlers-map
   "Analyse this `application` and generate from it a map of the handlers to be output."
   [application]
@@ -288,6 +208,26 @@
       (children-with-tag application :entity))))
 
 
+(defn defroutes
+  "Generate JSON routes for all queries implied by this ADL `application` spec."
+  [handlers-map]
+  (cons
+    'defroutes
+    (cons
+      'auto-rest-routes
+      (map
+        #(let [handler (handlers-map %)]
+           (list
+             (symbol (s/upper-case (name (:method handler))))
+             (str "/json/auto/" (safe-name (:name handler)))
+             'request
+             (list
+               'route/restricted
+               (list (:name handler) 'request))))
+        (sort
+          (keys handlers-map))))))
+
+
 (defn to-json-routes
   "Generate a `/routes/auto-json.clj` file for this `application`."
   [application]
@@ -306,8 +246,8 @@
                 (println)
                 h)
               (sort (keys handlers-map))))
-          (pprint (defroutes handlers-map))))
-      (if (pos? *verbosity*)
-        (*warn* (str "\tGenerated " filepath))))))
+          (pprint (defroutes handlers-map)))))
+    (if (pos? *verbosity*)
+      (*warn* (str "\tGenerated " filepath)))))