Protocol/interop fixes to run metosin/malli (jolt-ltwk) (#105)

* Protocol/interop fixes to run metosin/malli

Bringing up malli (schema validation) surfaced a batch of protocol and host-interop
gaps. m/validate now works across the schema vocabulary (predicates, :map incl.
nested/optional, :vector, :tuple, :enum, :maybe, :and, bounded int/string).

- extend-type and reify now accept MULTIPLE protocols in one form (each bare
  symbol switches the current protocol). reify records every protocol it
  implements, so instance?/satisfies? recognise all of them.
- Protocol method params support destructuring: reify/extend-type/deftype/
  defrecord emit (fn ...) (which desugars patterns) instead of raw fn*.
- instance? of a PROTOCOL works like satisfies? for reify/record instances,
  matching short names across qualified/bare protocol references.
- @x reads as the qualified clojure.core/deref, so it still derefs where a ns
  excludes and rebinds deref (malli does). Updated reader-test + the reader
  spec/grammar (S11, deref rule).
- Java collection interop on jolt collections: .nth/.count/.valAt/.get/.seq/
  .containsKey route to the clojure.core equivalent (1-arg and 0-arg paths).
- java.util.HashMap capacity/load-factor constructors + .putAll.
- A class used as a value resolves to its instances' type, so Pattern -> the
  regex type (malli keys class-schemas by it).
- Shims for malli's load path: LazilyPersistentVector/createOwning and
  PersistentArrayMap/createWithCheck statics.

m/explain not yet working (jolt-fjb1). Full gate green.

* satisfies? recognizes reify, consistent with instance?

A reify's protocol methods are instance-local, so they aren't in the global type
registry that type-satisfies? consults — satisfies? returned false for a reify
even when it implemented the protocol. Check the protocols the reify records on
itself (the same :jolt/protocols list instance? uses), matching short names like
instance? does. Covers single- and multi-protocol reify.

---------

Co-authored-by: Yogthos <yogthos@gmail.com>

docs/grammar.ebnf

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ map-entry       = form , ws , form ;            (* an even number of forms *)
 
 (* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Reader macros (prefix sugar). Each expands to a 2-element form
-   (op operand), e.g. 'x -> (quote x), @a -> (deref a).
+   (op operand), e.g. 'x -> (quote x), @a -> (clojure.core/deref a).
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
 
 reader-macro    = quote | syntax-quote | unquote | unquote-splice
@@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ quote           = "'"  , form ;        (* (quote form)            *)
 syntax-quote    = "`"  , form ;        (* (syntax-quote form)     *)
 unquote-splice  = "~@" , form ;        (* (unquote-splicing form) *)
 unquote         = "~"  , form ;        (* (unquote form)          *)
-deref           = "@"  , form ;        (* (deref form)            *)
+deref           = "@"  , form ;        (* (clojure.core/deref form) — qualified, *)
+                                       (* so it derefs even where deref is shadowed *)
 metadata        = "^"  , meta-form , ws , form ;   (* attach metadata to form *)
 meta-form       = map | keyword | symbol | string ;
 (* Normalized like Clojure: a symbol or string is a type hint -> {:tag ...};

docs/spec/02-reader.md

@@ -74,12 +74,16 @@ checks → UNVERIFIED (rows to add).
 | Sugar | Reads as | |
 |---|---|---|
 | `'form` | `(quote form)` | S10 |
-| `@form` | `(deref form)` | S11 |
+| `@form` | `(clojure.core/deref form)` | S11 |
 | `^meta form` | form with metadata attached (see below) | S12 |
 | `#'sym` | `(var sym)` | S13 |
 | `` `form `` | syntax-quote (§2.4) | |
 | `~form`, `~@form` | unquote / unquote-splicing — only within syntax-quote (S14: MUST error outside) | |
 
+- S11. `@form` reads as `(clojure.core/deref form)` — the operator is the
+  fully-qualified `clojure.core/deref`, not a bare `deref`, so `@x` still
+  dereferences in a namespace that excludes and rebinds `deref`
+  (`(ns … (:refer-clojure :exclude [deref]))`), matching Clojure.
 - S12a. `^:kw form` ≡ `^{:kw true} form`; `^Sym form` ≡ `^{:tag Sym} form`;
   `^"str"` ≡ `^{:tag "str"} form`. Multiple `^` stack, rightmost innermost,
   merged left-over-right.
@@ -117,6 +121,10 @@ checks → UNVERIFIED (rows to add).
 - `#(body)` reads as `(fn [args…] (body))` with parameters derived from the
   `%`-symbols appearing in body: `%`≡`%1`, `%n` positional, `%&` the rest
   parameter. Arity = highest `%n` mentioned (plus rest if `%&`).
+- The `%`-symbols are collected from the WHOLE body, recursing through every
+  nested form including vector, map and set literals — `#(assoc {} :k %)`,
+  `#(hash-set % %2)` and `#(get {:t %} :t)` all see their `%`s. (A reader that
+  scanned only call forms would miscompile `#(identity {:text %})` as a 0-arg fn.)
 - `#()` literals MUST NOT nest.
 
 ```clojure