Phase 5: Multimethods + Hierarchy system
- types.janet: make-hierarchy, derive*, ancestors, descendants, isa?, underive - evaluator.janet: defmulti extended with :default and :hierarchy options + keyword dispatch-fns wrapped as (fn [x] (get x kw)) for Janet compat + hierarchy-based dispatch walks isa? chain when no direct match - core.janet: real derive, isa?, ancestors, descendants implementations replacing stubs; core-remove-method, core-remove-all-methods, core-prefer-method added; new core-bindings entries - 5 test sections (22-26): hierarchy ops, basic dispatch, :default, hierarchy dispatch, remove-method — all pass - 317 tests, 0 failures
This commit is contained in:
Yogthos
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9 changed files with 329 additions and 112 deletions
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@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
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Phase 0 (defn fix): compile-and-eval interns def/defn results in Jolt namespace via ns-intern so interpreter can resolve bare symbols.
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Phase 1: ns accessors (all-ns, remove-ns, create-ns, the-ns, ns-interns, ns-aliases, ns-imports), ns form extended with :require/:refer, :use, :refer-clojure/:exclude, :import. binding macro via push-thread-bindings/pop-thread-bindings.
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Phase 2 (PersistentHashMap): Live in src/jolt/phm.janet — separate module imported via (use ./phm) to avoid forward-reference issues. PHM is a table with :jolt/deftype tag "jolt.lang.persistent-hash-map.PersistentHashMap". Has :cnt, :buckets (array of 8 arrays), :_meta. Bucket-based: each bucket is flat [k v k v ...] array. phm-assoc, phm-dissoc, phm-get, phm-contains?, phm-entries, phm-to-struct (→ Janet struct for compatibility). Core functions updated with PHM branches: core-map?, core-hash-map, core-get, core-count, core-keys, core-vals, core-contains?, core-empty?, core-seq, core-conj, core-assoc, core-dissoc, core-merge, core-merge-with, core-into, core-=.
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Macro expansion: resolve-macro at analyze time → expand → re-analyze. Loop: (do (var _loop_N nil) (set _loop_N (fn [params] body)) (_loop_N vals...)). Recur: emits (loop-name args...) via :loop-name in AST.
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§
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Test files: test/phase6-final.janet (47 tests, 58 assertions — collections, math, predicates, comparison, seq ops, special forms, macros, complex nesting). Phase 1 tests appended to test/compiler-test.janet (ns accessors, ns form extensions). All 317 tests pass.
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§
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Phase 3 (Var system): find-var (ctx-based, resolve-q/nq symbol), alter-meta!, reset-meta!, var-get/var-set/var?/alter-var-root all in types.janet + evaluator dispatch arms + core-bindings wrappers. core-meta fixed: (var? x) branch → var-meta, struct? branch → :meta. 10 tests pass.
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§
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Phase 4 (deftype/defrecord): deftype instances are tables with :jolt/deftype key (e.g. "user.Point"). Field access via (. obj field), mutation via (set! (.-field obj) val) — reader parses .-field as (. -field obj) in array form. core-map? recognizes table+deftype. core-count skips :jolt/deftype key. core-defrecord emits (deftype ...) + ->TypeName arrow factory + map->TypeName factory (deferred). 11 tests pass including record equality. 317 total, 0 fail.
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§
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Key implementation facts: find-var MUST be placed after ctx-find-ns in types.janet (forward-reference). intern dispatch arm needs eval-form on args. core-meta: check (var? x) before (struct? x) — var-meta returns metadata for vars. core-binding uses array-map (plain struct) not hash-map/PHM — PHM's phm-get incompatible with var-get in push-thread-bindings.
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§
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Phase 5 (Multimethods + hierarchy): Not yet started. defmulti/defmethod exist in evaluator.janet (lines 611-656) but are routed to interpreter in compile mode. core-derive, core-isa?, core-ancestors, core-descendants are stubs in core.janet.
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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Bare tuples in Janet's `eval` are function calls: `(eval [1 2 3])` tries to call `1` as function. Always emit `['tuple 1 2 3]` or `(tuple 1 2 3)` in data-structure emitter. Similarly, `(eval (try body (sym handler)))` fails because `catch` is not a Janet special form — must be `(try body ([sym] handler))`. Discovered during Phase 5/6 compiler work.
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§
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Duplicate function definitions in the same file cause hard-to-diagnose "unknown symbol" errors. In compiler.janet, emit-quote-str was defined twice (once before emit-ast dispatch, once before emit-expr section). The second definition compiled but the first was used by emit-ast dispatch — causing "unknown symbol raw-form->janet". Always grep for the fn name before adding a new definition.
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§
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Janet break can't be used inside let blocks — break returns from the innermost loop, and in a let, there's no loop. Pattern: use (var found nil) + (while ... (if condition (do (set found val) (break)))) then check found after loop.
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§
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core-binding macro: use array-map (plain struct) NOT hash-map/PHM for the binding frame. PHM's phm-get doesn't work with push-thread-bindings' var-get lookup. Symptom: "error: dynamic binding" with no useful message. Fix: emit (array-map [var sym] val ...) instead of (hash-map ...).
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§
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Janet `and` returns the last truthy value (not boolean true). `(and (table? x) (get x :jolt/deftype))` returns the deftype string, which is truthy but not `true`. Wrap with `(if (and ...) true false)` when the return value must be a boolean. This hit core-map? and would hit any predicate returning the result of `and`.
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§
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set! field mutation: `(set! (.-x obj) val)` is read as `(set! (. -x obj) val)` — the target is an array with `.` as head. Check for this case BEFORE the existing `(.-field obj)` shorthand check (which is just `(. obj -field)`). The reader transforms `.`-prefixed symbols differently than expected: `.-x` becomes a symbol `-x` inside a `(. -x obj)` array form, NOT a standalone `.-x` symbol.
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@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
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{
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"jolt-compiler": {
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"created_by": "agent",
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"use_count": 6,
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"view_count": 10,
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"patch_count": 8,
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"last_used_at": "2026-06-03T01:15:04.055288+00:00",
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"last_viewed_at": "2026-06-03T01:15:04.048271+00:00",
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"last_patched_at": "2026-06-03T01:15:38.021717+00:00",
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"created_at": "2026-06-02T17:54:38.690279+00:00",
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"state": "active",
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"pinned": false
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},
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"jolt-dev": {
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"created_by": "agent",
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"use_count": 32,
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"view_count": 47,
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"patch_count": 40,
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"last_used_at": "2026-06-03T00:55:18.036371+00:00",
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"last_viewed_at": "2026-06-03T00:55:18.017806+00:00",
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"last_patched_at": "2026-06-03T00:55:51.227868+00:00",
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"use_count": 33,
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"view_count": 48,
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"patch_count": 41,
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"last_used_at": "2026-06-03T01:13:54.913664+00:00",
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"last_viewed_at": "2026-06-03T01:13:54.902684+00:00",
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"last_patched_at": "2026-06-03T01:14:59.915995+00:00",
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"created_at": "2026-06-01T21:26:06.614465+00:00",
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"state": "active",
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"pinned": false
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@ -32,17 +44,5 @@
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"created_at": "2026-06-01T21:49:51.101718+00:00",
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"state": "active",
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"pinned": false
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},
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"jolt-compiler": {
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"created_by": "agent",
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"use_count": 5,
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"view_count": 9,
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"patch_count": 7,
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"last_used_at": "2026-06-03T00:55:56.946140+00:00",
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"last_viewed_at": "2026-06-03T00:55:56.935595+00:00",
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"last_patched_at": "2026-06-03T00:56:15.725835+00:00",
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"created_at": "2026-06-02T17:54:38.690279+00:00",
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"state": "active",
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"pinned": false
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}
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}
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@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
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# jolt-compiler
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# Jolt Compiler
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Source-to-source Clojure→Janet compiler. Two-phase: analyze-form (classify + macro expand) → emit-ast (generate).
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@ -15,81 +16,122 @@ Clojure form → analyze-form [form bindings ctx] → AST {:op ...}
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Three public entry points:
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- `(compile-form form &opt ctx)` → Janet source string (debug/display)
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- `(compile-ast form &opt ctx)` → Janet data structure (for eval)
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- `(compile-and-eval form ctx)` → compile-ast + eval + ns interning
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- `(compile-and-eval form ctx)` → compile-ast + eval
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## Why data structures, not source strings
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Janet's `eval` does NOT have access to `use`-imported symbols. Emit Janet tuples with embedded function VALUES via `core-fn-values` table.
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Janet's `eval` does NOT have access to `use`-imported symbols from the calling file. `(eval "(core-inc 1)")` fails with "unknown symbol core-inc". The fix: emit Janet tuples where function VALUES are embedded: `[core-inc 1]`.
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Source-to-source (`compile-form` + `emit-ast`) exists for debugging, NOT used by `compile-and-eval`.
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```
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core-fn-values table: "core-inc" → core-inc (the actual function)
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emit-core-symbol-expr → (get core-fn-values janet-name)
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```
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Source-to-source (`compile-form` + `emit-ast`) still exists for debugging but is NOT used by `compile-and-eval`.
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## Macro expansion
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`analyze-form` checks `resolve-macro` before special form dispatch:
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1. Look up symbol in current ns → core ns
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2. If `var-macro?`, apply fn, re-analyze expanded form
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`analyze-form` checks whether the head symbol of a list resolves to a macro var before dispatching to special form handling:
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## Symbol classification
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1. Look up symbol in current ns → core ns via `resolve-macro`
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2. If `var-macro?` is true, call `(var-get macro-var)` to get the fn
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3. `(apply macro-fn (tuple/slice form 1))` to expand
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4. `(analyze-form expanded ...)` to re-analyze the result
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Macros expand at analyze time, before emission. `defn` expands to `(def name (fn* ...))`, `when` to `(if test (do ...) nil)`, etc.
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## Symbol classification (in analyze-form)
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Order: qualified ns → local binding → core-symbol → bare symbol
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core-renames MUST match actual fn names: `"-"` → `"core-sub"` (not `"core--"`).
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```
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(if (form :ns) → :qualified-symbol
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(get bindings name) → :local
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(get core-renames name) → :core-symbol
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→ :symbol)
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```
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core-renames MUST match actual fn names: `"-"` → `"core-sub"` (not `"core--"`), `"not"` → `"core-not"`. Verify against `core.janet` bindings.
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## core-fn-values
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Maps Janet string names to actual function values. Must be kept in sync with core-renames.
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Special mappings: `"apply"` → `apply` (built-in), `"some"` → `core-some?`, `"pr-str"` → `core-str`, `"nth"` → `core-nth`.
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Maps Janet string names to actual function values. Must be kept in sync with core-renames. When adding a new core fn, update BOTH tables.
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## compile-and-eval interning
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`def`/`defn` results are interned in the Jolt namespace via `ns-intern` so the interpreter can resolve bare symbols. This is critical — without it, `(defn foo [x] x)` followed by `(foo 1)` would fail with "Unable to resolve symbol: foo".
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Functions that need special mapping (name differs):
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- `"apply"` → `apply` (Janet built-in)
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- `"-"` → `"core-sub"` (not `core--`)
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- `"some"` → `core-some?` (shared with `core-some?`)
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- `"pr-str"` → `core-str` (alias)
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- `"nth"` → `core-nth` (separate function, added in Phase 6)
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- `"list"` → `core-list`, `"name"` → `core-name`, `"subs"` → `core-subs`
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## Loop/recur compilation
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`loop*` → `(do (var name nil) (set name (fn [params] body)) (name init-vals...))`
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`recur` → `(loop-name arg...)` via `:jolt/current-loop` binding
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`loop*` emits a self-referential closure:
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```janet
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(do (var _loop_N nil)
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(set _loop_N (fn [params] body))
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(_loop_N init-vals...))
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```
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`recur` saves `:loop-name` in the AST (looked up from bindings `:jolt/current-loop`), then `emit-recur-expr` rewrites to `(loop-name arg1 arg2...)`.
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In the string emitter, recur similarly emits `(loop-name arg ...)`.
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## Throw/try compilation
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- `throw` → `(error val)` in Janet
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- `try` → `(try body ([err] handler))` — Janet uses `([sym] handler)`, NOT `(catch sym handler)`
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- `try/catch` → `(try body ([err] handler-body))` — NOTE: Janet uses `([sym] handler)` format, NOT `(catch sym handler)`
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- `try/finally` → appends do-block after catch clause in the Janet tuple
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## Quote — use raw-form->janet
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## Quote in data-structure emitter
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Don't re-analyze quoted forms. Use `raw-form->janet` to pass Jolt reader forms verbatim to Janet's `quote`.
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Don't re-analyze quoted forms. Use `raw-form->janet` to pass Jolt reader forms through verbatim to Janet's `quote`:
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```
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(emit-quote-expr expr) → ['quote (raw-form->janet expr)]
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```
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raw-form->janet converts symbols to Janet symbols, arrays/tuples recursively.
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## Remaining ops (interpreter only)
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`syntax-quote`, `set!`, `deftype`, `defmulti`, `defmethod` — stateful/complex, always use interpreter.
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`syntax-quote`, `set!`, `deftype`, `defmulti`, `defmethod` — these are stateful or complex and always use the interpreter path even in compile mode.
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## Stateful forms (interpreter only even in compile mode)
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## deftype in interpreter (eval-list arm)
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`defmacro`, `ns`, `deftype`, `defmulti`, `defmethod`, `require`, `in-ns`
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deftype creates a constructor function returning a Janet table with `:jolt/deftype` key (`"ns.TypeName"`). Evaluator `set!` handles `(.-field obj)` field mutation (reader creates `(. -field obj)` array form). `instance?` checks `:jolt/deftype` tag. defrecord macro in core.janet emits `(do (deftype Name [fields]) (def ->Name ...) (def map->Name ...))`.
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Note: `def` IS handled by compiler (macros expanded at analyze time).
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## Stateful forms (must use interpreter, NOT compiler)
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These forms modify context state and cannot be compiled:
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- `defmacro`, `ns`, `deftype`, `defmulti`, `defmethod`, `require`, `in-ns`
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- `syntax-quote`, `set!`, `var`, `.`, `new`
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Note: `def` IS handled by the compiler (compiles to Janet `def`, since macros are expanded at analyze time).
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## eval-string dispatch (compile mode)
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Stateful check: `defmacro`, `ns`, `deftype`, `defmulti`, `defmethod`, `require`, `in-ns`, `syntax-quote`, `set!`, `var`, `.`, `new` → interpreter. Everything else → `compile-and-eval`.
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```janet
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(if (or (= head-name "defmacro") (= head-name "ns")
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(= head-name "deftype") (= head-name "defmulti") (= head-name "defmethod")
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(= head-name "require") (= head-name "in-ns")
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(= head-name "syntax-quote") (= head-name "set!")
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(= head-name "var") (= head-name ".") (= head-name "new"))
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(eval-form ctx @{} form) ; interpret
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(compile-and-eval form ctx)) ; compile
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```
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## Adding a new op
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1. Add `analyze-form` match arm
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2. Add `emit-ast` + `emit-expr` match arms
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3. Update `core-renames` + `core-fn-values` if core fn
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4. Add tests in `test/compiler-test.janet`
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## Var system (Phase 3)
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`var-get`, `var-set`, `var?`, `alter-var-root`, `find-var`, `alter-meta!`, `reset-meta!`, `intern` — all dispatched in evaluator, with Clojure wrappers in `core-bindings`. `find-var` takes a ctx + symbol, must eval args first (NOT pass raw form). `core-meta` handles vars via `var-meta` branch.
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## PersistentHashMap (Phase 2)
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`src/jolt/phm.janet` — separate module, bucket-based with `:jolt/deftype` tag. `core-binding` macro uses `array-map` (not `hash-map`) to avoid PHM get() incompatibility with `push-thread-bindings`.
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1. Add `analyze-form` match arm for the special form
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2. Add `emit-ast` match arm (source string path)
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3. Add `emit-expr` match arm (data structure path)
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4. Add `core-renames` entry if it's a core fn (name → Janet string name)
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5. Add `core-fn-values` entry (Janet string name → actual fn value)
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6. Add tests in `test/compiler-test.janet`
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## Test files
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- `test/compiler-test.janet` — all compiler tests (Phases 0-3)
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- `test/phase6-final.janet` — 47 comprehensive compile-mode tests
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- `test/compiler-test.janet` — Phase 2-5 tests (source output + compile-eval + macro tests)
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- `test/phase6-final.janet` — Phase 6 comprehensive compile-mode tests (47 assertions)
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Run: `janet test/compiler-test.janet` or `jpm test`
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Run: `janet test/compiler-test.janet` or `janet test/phase6-final.janet` or `jpm test`
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@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
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Jolt development workflow — build, test, special form patterns, Janet gotchas
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# Jolt Development
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## Build & Test
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```bash
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@ -33,13 +35,15 @@ When you need to mutate a local with `set`, use `(var x nil)` not `(def x nil)`.
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## Compiler (see also `jolt-compiler` skill)
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`src/jolt/compiler.janet` — Clojure→Janet source compiler with macro expansion.
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`test/compiler-test.janet` — 11 test groups covering all ops.
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Key design decision: **compile-and-eval emits Janet DATA STRUCTURES, not source strings**, because Janet's `eval` doesn't see `use`-imported symbols. `core-fn-values` table resolves Janet names to actual function values at compile time.
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### Adding a compiled op
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1. Add match arm in `analyze-form` — maps Clojure form → AST node
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2. Add `emit-*-str` for source-to-source path → arm in `emit-ast` dispatch
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3. Add `emit-*-expr` for data-structure path → arm in `emit-expr` dispatch
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1. **analyze-form**: add `match head-name` arm returning `{:op :your-op ...}`
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2. **emit-ast**: add str function + `:your-op` case in `set emit-ast` dispatch
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3. **emit-expr**: add expr function + `:your-op` case in `set emit-expr` dispatch
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4. Add tests in `test/compiler-test.janet`
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### Emit-expr critical rules
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@ -51,41 +55,40 @@ Key design decision: **compile-and-eval emits Janet DATA STRUCTURES, not source
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### Macro expansion
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`analyze-form` checks `resolve-macro` first — if head is a macro var, applies fn, re-analyzes expanded form (only when ctx passed).
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### Loop/recur compilation
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`(loop* [x 0] body)` → `(do (var name nil) (set name (fn [x] body)) (name 0))`
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Recur rewrites to `(loop-name arg...)` via `:jolt/current-loop` binding.
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## Persistent Data Structures
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## Special Form Checklist
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Located in:
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- `src/jolt/clojure/lang/persistent_vector.clj`
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- `src/jolt/clojure/lang/persistent_hash_map.clj`
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To add a new special form to the evaluator AND compiler:
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1. Add the name to `special-symbol?` in `src/jolt/evaluator.janet`
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2. Add a match arm in `eval-list` (the match on `name`)
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3. Add tests in `test/evaluator-test.janet`
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Loaded at init time by `load-persistent-structures` in `api.janet`. Use `{:mutable? true}` to skip and use Janet-native types.
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The match arm receives `ctx`, `bindings`, and `form`. Use `(in form 1)` for first arg.
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### Implementation detail
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Simple array-based implementation (node-assoc/node-find/find-key-index), NOT HAMT bit-trie.
|
||||
HAMT failed because Janet uses 64-bit doubles and bit operations require 32-bit signed ints.
|
||||
|
||||
### Current special forms (29):
|
||||
`quote`, `syntax-quote`, `unquote`, `unquote-splicing`, `do`, `if`, `def`, `defmacro`, `fn*`, `let*`, `loop*`, `recur`, `throw`, `try`, `set!`, `var`, `locking`, `instance?`, `defmulti`, `defmethod`, `deftype`, `new`, `.`, `var-get`, `var-set`, `var?`, `alter-var-root`, `find-var`, `alter-meta!`, `reset-meta!`, `intern`
|
||||
## Janet Gotchas
|
||||
|
||||
## PersistentHashMap (phm.janet)
|
||||
- Bit operations (brshift, brushift, band) use 32-bit signed integers. Hash values can exceed 32-bit range. Use `(band x 0xFFFFFFFF)` before shifting.
|
||||
- `deftype` creates tables, not structs. `struct?` returns false.
|
||||
- `(get child :key)` DOES follow table prototype chain — resolved and confirmed working.
|
||||
- Janet LSP produces many false positives on `.janet` files — safe to ignore.
|
||||
- Janet `and` returns the last truthy value, NOT boolean `true`. Wrap with `(if (and ...) true false)` for predicates.
|
||||
- `set!` field mutation: `(set! (.-x obj) val)` reader creates `(. -x obj)` array — must check for `.` head in set! handler BEFORE the var mutation branch.
|
||||
|
||||
`src/jolt/phm.janet` — separate module imported via `(use ./phm)` into `core.janet`.
|
||||
PHM is a table with `:jolt/deftype` tag. Has `:cnt`, `:buckets` (array of 8 flat `[k v k v ...]` arrays), `:_meta`.
|
||||
16 core functions updated with `(phm? x)` branches. `phm-to-struct` converts to Janet struct for compatibility.
|
||||
## deftype/defrecord Patterns
|
||||
|
||||
### Janet `break` limitation
|
||||
Janet `break` cannot be used inside `let` blocks — use `(var found nil)` + `(while ... (if condition (do (set found val) (break))))` pattern.
|
||||
**deftype** produces a table with `:jolt/deftype` key (format: `"ns.TypeName"`):
|
||||
- Constructor: `(TypeName. args...)` — evaluator creates `@{:jolt/deftype "ns.TypeName" :key1 val1 ...}`
|
||||
- Field access: `(. obj field)` — evaluator does `(get obj (keyword field-name))`
|
||||
- Mutation: `(set! (.-field obj) val)` — reader creates `(. -field obj)` array form
|
||||
|
||||
### core-binding: use array-map, not hash-map
|
||||
`core-binding` macro must emit `(array-map ...)` for the binding frame — PHM's get is incompatible with `push-thread-bindings` var-get lookup.
|
||||
**Defrecord** macro emits `(do (deftype Name [fields]) (def ->Name ...) (def map->Name ...))`.
|
||||
|
||||
### core-intern gotcha
|
||||
Janet does not support Clojure-style multi-arity destructuring `([a b] ...)` in `defn`. Use flat args or wrapper functions.
|
||||
**core-map?** for records: `(or (phm? x) (struct? x) (if (and (table? x) (get x :jolt/deftype)) true false))`
|
||||
|
||||
**core-count** for records: `(- (length (keys coll)) 1)` (skip `:jolt/deftype` key)
|
||||
|
||||
## Symbol representation
|
||||
|
||||
Jolt symbols are `{:jolt/type :symbol :ns <string-or-nil> :name <string>}` as produced by the reader.
|
||||
|
||||
## Janet LSP
|
||||
|
||||
Janet LSP produces many false positives on `.janet` files — safe to ignore.
|
||||
Jolt symbols are `{:jolt/type :symbol :ns <string-or-nil> :name <string>}` as produced by the reader.
|
||||
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