Recover TCO-elided frames in uncaught-error stack traces

On the eval path nothing registers a source map, so jolt-backtrace-string
dropped every walkable frame and printed no trace at all. Keep any named,
non-plumbing continuation frame (rendered as a bare name when unmapped) so a
runtime error shows the surviving non-tail spine — "print what is available".

Add an opt-in tail-frame history behind JOLT_TRACE for the frames TCO erases.
Each compiled fn records itself on entry into a bounded ring-of-rings, MIT
Scheme's "history" shape: the outer ring holds one rib per non-tail subproblem,
each rib a small inner ring of the tail-calls made at that level. A tight tail
loop churns one rib instead of flushing the spine, so the non-tail caller
context survives and total space stays bounded. The reporter prefers this
history over the continuation when it's present, and resets it per top-level
form so an error's trace isn't padded with earlier REPL frames.

The emitter marks a tail call with (jolt-trace-mark! #t) so the runtime routes
the callee into the current rib vs a fresh one; a *tail?* dynamic var tracks
tail position (cleared by default, passed through if/do/let/loop/fn-body). It's
all gated on trace-frames?, which compile-eval turns on for JOLT_TRACE and
emit-image/`jolt build` force off — so non-trace emitted output is byte-identical
(prelude unchanged, seed re-minted), and a built binary carries no per-call cost.
This commit is contained in:
Yogthos 2026-07-04 15:00:52 -04:00
parent 773e647b4a
commit a3e2365217
8 changed files with 511 additions and 170 deletions

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@ -182,6 +182,20 @@ a root, transitively.
- Source only; compiled `.class` files in a git dep are ignored.
- git `:git/sha` must be a full SHA (`git fetch` can't resolve a short one).
## Stack traces
An uncaught error prints the message, the top-level source location, and — when
frames are available — a `trace:` backtrace. In an AOT `jolt build --direct-link`
binary the frames map to `ns/name (file:line)`; on the runtime eval path they are
the surviving fn names. Tail-call optimization erases tail-called frames, so the
default trace shows only the non-tail spine.
Set `JOLT_TRACE=1` to opt into a fuller **tail-frame history**. Each compiled fn
then records itself on entry into a bounded ring-of-rings buffer, so the trace
recovers TCO-elided frames (including the immediate error site) while a tight tail
loop stays bounded and its non-tail caller context is preserved. It costs a small
per-call overhead, so it is off by default and never emitted into a built binary.
## Conformance
The known-working libraries (see [libraries.md](libraries.md)) and the

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@ -110,6 +110,13 @@
;; older seed during the first re-mint pass.
(let ((scv (var-deref "jolt.backend-scheme" "set-var-cache!")))
(when (procedure? scv) (scv #t)))
;; JOLT_TRACE opts into tail-frame history: the emitter prepends a frame-recording
;; push to every runtime-compiled fn, and the ring buffer is allocated for this
;; thread. Off by default, so a normal run emits and pays exactly as before.
(when (getenv "JOLT_TRACE")
(let ((stf (var-deref "jolt.backend-scheme" "set-trace-frames!")))
(when (procedure? stf) (stf #t)))
(jolt-trace-enable!))
;; (with-meta sym m) -> sym, else x — an (ns ^:no-doc name …) yields the name with
;; reader metadata as a with-meta form; strip it to read the bare ns symbol.
@ -235,6 +242,9 @@
;; record this form's source location first, so a compile- or run-time error
;; in it reports the right place.
(jolt-enter-form! form)
;; drop tail-frame history from earlier top-level forms, so an error's trace
;; shows only this form's own call history (a no-op unless JOLT_TRACE is on).
(jolt-trace-reset!)
(eval (read (open-input-string (jolt-analyze-emit-form form ns)))
(interaction-environment)))))

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@ -46,6 +46,10 @@
;; after it). Guarded for the first re-mint pass off an older seed.
(let ((scv (var-deref "jolt.backend-scheme" "set-var-cache!")))
(when (procedure? scv) (scv #f)))
;; Tail-frame tracing off for the mint + `jolt build`: the seed must stay a
;; byte-fixpoint, and a built app should carry no per-call trace overhead.
(let ((stf (var-deref "jolt.backend-scheme" "set-trace-frames!")))
(when (procedure? stf) (stf #f)))
(define (ei-compile-form ctx f optimize?)
(let ((ir (jolt-ce-analyze ctx f)))
(jolt-ce-emit-top (if optimize? (jolt-ce-run-passes ir ctx) ir))))

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@ -60,6 +60,112 @@
;; stack trace (source-registry.ss). call/cc is paid only on a throw, never per
;; call; the captured k is walked, never invoked.
(define jolt-throw-cont (make-thread-parameter #f))
;; --- tail-frame history: a ring of rings (opt-in) ----------------------------
;; TCO erases tail-called frames from the native continuation, so an uncaught
;; error's backtrace shows only the surviving non-tail spine — the immediate error
;; site is often a tail call and is missing. When tracing is enabled (JOLT_TRACE,
;; wired in compile-eval.ss), each compiled fn records its frame-name on entry, and
;; the reporter reads this history to recover TCO-elided frames.
;;
;; The store is MIT-Scheme's "history" shape — a ring of rings. The OUTER ring
;; holds one RIB per non-tail subproblem (the real call spine); each rib's INNER
;; ring holds the recent tail-calls made AT that subproblem. A non-tail entry
;; advances the outer ring (a fresh rib); a tail entry rotates the current rib's
;; inner ring. So a tight tail loop (mutual recursion, a non-recur self-tail-call)
;; churns ONE rib's small inner ring instead of flushing the outer spine — the
;; caller context that led into the loop survives. Both rings are fixed-size, so
;; the whole history is bounded: a constant space factor, NOT a change to the
;; asymptotic space TCO guarantees.
;;
;; Whether an entry is tail or non-tail is set by the CALLER: the emitter marks a
;; tail call with (jolt-trace-mark! #t) right before it; a non-tail entry is the
;; default. NOTE this is best-effort: a tail call routed through jolt-invoke to a
;; target that has no entry prologue (a core/native fn, an anonymous fn held in a
;; var) does not consume the mark, so a following non-tail frame can be mislabeled
;; as a tail rotation — a cosmetic mis-grouping in the trace, never a wrong result.
(define jolt-trace-outer-size 48) ; ribs (non-tail spine depth kept)
(define jolt-trace-inner-size 6) ; tail-calls kept per subproblem
;; A history: #(ribs-vector outer-head outer-count). A rib: #(name-vector head count).
(define (jolt-make-rib) (vector (make-vector jolt-trace-inner-size #f) 0 0))
(define (jolt-make-history)
(let ((ribs (make-vector jolt-trace-outer-size #f)))
(let loop ((i 0))
(when (fx<? i jolt-trace-outer-size)
(vector-set! ribs i (jolt-make-rib)) (loop (fx+ i 1))))
(vector ribs 0 0)))
;; A global switch (all threads) plus a per-thread ring, lazily created on first
;; use — so code run on a spawned thread (a future/agent) records into ITS OWN
;; history, not the enabling thread's (make-thread-parameter hands a new thread the
;; initial #f, so we can't rely on inheritance).
(define jolt-trace-on? #f)
(define jolt-trace-ring (make-thread-parameter #f))
(define jolt-trace-tail? (make-thread-parameter #f)) ; caller-set, consumed per entry
(define (jolt-trace-enable!) (set! jolt-trace-on? #t) (jolt-trace-ring (jolt-make-history)))
;; this thread's ring, created on demand while tracing is on
(define (jolt-trace-cur-ring)
(or (jolt-trace-ring)
(and jolt-trace-on? (let ((h (jolt-make-history))) (jolt-trace-ring h) h))))
;; Drop accumulated history at a top-level boundary (compile-eval.ss calls this per
;; top-level form) so an error's trace shows only the forms that led to it, not the
;; frames of earlier, already-returned REPL/eval forms.
(define (jolt-trace-reset!)
(when (jolt-trace-ring) (jolt-trace-ring (jolt-make-history)) (jolt-trace-tail? #f)))
(define (jolt-trace-mark! t) (jolt-trace-tail? t))
;; push name into a rib's inner ring
(define (jolt-rib-push! rib name)
(let ((buf (vector-ref rib 0)) (i (vector-ref rib 1)) (cnt (vector-ref rib 2)))
(vector-set! buf i name)
(vector-set! rib 1 (fxmod (fx+ i 1) jolt-trace-inner-size))
(when (fx<? cnt jolt-trace-inner-size) (vector-set! rib 2 (fx+ cnt 1)))))
;; a non-tail entry: advance the outer ring, reset the new rib, seed it with name
(define (jolt-history-nontail! h name)
(let* ((ribs (vector-ref h 0)) (oh (vector-ref h 1)) (oc (vector-ref h 2))
(rib (vector-ref ribs oh)))
(vector-set! rib 1 0) (vector-set! rib 2 0)
(jolt-rib-push! rib name)
(vector-set! h 1 (fxmod (fx+ oh 1) jolt-trace-outer-size))
(when (fx<? oc jolt-trace-outer-size) (vector-set! h 2 (fx+ oc 1)))))
;; a tail entry: rotate the CURRENT rib's inner ring (bootstrap a rib if none yet)
(define (jolt-history-tail! h name)
(if (fx=? (vector-ref h 2) 0)
(jolt-history-nontail! h name)
(let* ((ribs (vector-ref h 0))
(cur (fxmod (fx+ (fx- (vector-ref h 1) 1) jolt-trace-outer-size)
jolt-trace-outer-size)))
(jolt-rib-push! (vector-ref ribs cur) name))))
;; Record a frame entry, routed by the caller's tail mark; then reset the mark so a
;; subsequent entry reached WITHOUT a mark (e.g. via apply) defaults to non-tail.
(define (jolt-trace-push! name)
(let ((h (jolt-trace-cur-ring)))
(when h
(if (jolt-trace-tail?) (jolt-history-tail! h name) (jolt-history-nontail! h name))
(jolt-trace-tail? #f)))
jolt-nil)
;; a rib's inner names, most-recent (deepest) tail first
(define (jolt-rib-names rib)
(let ((buf (vector-ref rib 0)) (head (vector-ref rib 1)) (cnt (vector-ref rib 2)))
(let loop ((k 1) (acc '()))
(if (fx>? k cnt)
(reverse acc)
(loop (fx+ k 1)
(cons (vector-ref buf (fxmod (fx+ (fx- head k) jolt-trace-inner-size)
jolt-trace-inner-size))
acc))))))
;; The whole history flattened to frame-names, most-recent (deepest) first:
;; current rib's tail-history, then its non-tail caller's, and so on outward.
(define (jolt-trace-snapshot)
(let ((h (jolt-trace-ring)))
(if (not h) '()
(let* ((ribs (vector-ref h 0)) (oh (vector-ref h 1)) (oc (vector-ref h 2)))
(let loop ((k 1) (acc '()))
(if (fx>? k oc)
(apply append (reverse acc))
(let ((idx (fxmod (fx+ (fx- oh k) jolt-trace-outer-size) jolt-trace-outer-size)))
(loop (fx+ k 1) (cons (jolt-rib-names (vector-ref ribs idx)) acc)))))))))
(define-condition-type &jolt-throw &condition
make-jolt-throw-condition jolt-throw-condition?
(value jolt-throw-condition-value))

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@ -30,6 +30,39 @@ check_loc() {
fi
}
# An uncaught error's stack trace must name the runtime-eval'd fn frames that
# survive TCO (the non-tail spine), even though the eval path registers no source
# map — "print what is available". Asserts a substring appears under " trace:".
check_trace() {
err="$(bin/joltc -e "$1" 2>&1 >/dev/null)"
if printf '%s' "$err" | grep -q ' trace:' && printf '%s' "$err" | grep -q "$2"; then
pass=$((pass + 1))
else
echo " FAIL (trace): $1"
echo " want stderr trace to contain \`$2\`, got \`$err\`"
fails=$((fails + 1))
fi
}
# JOLT_TRACE opts into the tail-frame history (the ring of rings): every $2 (an
# ERE) must match the " trace:" block. Used to assert TCO-elided frames are
# recovered and non-tail caller context survives a tail loop.
check_trace_on() {
err="$(JOLT_TRACE=1 bin/joltc -e "$1" 2>&1 >/dev/null)"
ok=1
printf '%s' "$err" | grep -q ' trace:' || ok=0
shift
for want in "$@"; do
printf '%s' "$err" | grep -Eq "$want" || ok=0
done
if [ "$ok" = 1 ]; then
pass=$((pass + 1))
else
echo " FAIL (trace-on): want [$*] in trace, got \`$err\`"
fails=$((fails + 1))
fi
}
check '(+ 1 2)' '3'
check '(defn fib [n] (if (< n 2) n (+ (fib (- n 1)) (fib (- n 2))))) (fib 15)' '610'
check '(->> (range 10) (filter even?) (map (fn [x] (* x x))) (reduce +))' '120'
@ -60,6 +93,38 @@ check '(try (load-string "(+") (catch :default e (ex-message e)))' 'EOF while re
check_loc '(throw (ex-info "boom" {}))' 'boom'
check_loc '(do (+ 1 1) (/ 1 0))' ' at 1:'
# Runtime-eval'd fns aren't source-mapped, but their native frame names survive on
# the non-tail spine; the trace must show them. deepest/+ are tail calls (erased);
# middle and outer wait on a non-tail (inc …) so their frames are live at the throw.
trace_prog='(defn deepest [x] (+ x 1)) (defn middle [x] (inc (deepest x))) (defn outer [x] (inc (middle x))) (outer :nan)'
check_trace "$trace_prog" 'middle'
check_trace "$trace_prog" 'outer'
# JOLT_TRACE (tail-frame history / ring of rings). An all-tail chain is entirely
# TCO-erased from the continuation, but the history recovers every frame — incl.
# `deepest`, the actual error site.
check_trace_on '(defn deepest [x] (+ x 1)) (defn middle [x] (deepest x)) (defn outer [x] (middle x)) (outer :nan)' \
'deepest' 'middle' 'outer'
# A tail loop (a<->b) under a NON-tail caller: the loop is confined to one rib's
# bounded inner ring, so the caller context (`driver`, `top`) is NOT flushed out —
# the point of the ring of rings.
check_trace_on '(declare b) (defn a [n] (if (zero? n) (+ :x 1) (b (dec n)))) (defn b [n] (a n)) (defn driver [] (inc (a 6))) (defn top [] (inc (driver))) (top)' \
'driver' 'top'
# A ^long/^double return hint wraps the body in a coercion, so the hinted fn's call
# is NOT a tail call — its own frame is still live and must appear (not be elided).
check_trace_on '(defn g [n] (+ :x n)) (defn ^long f [n] (g n)) (f 3)' 'f' 'g'
# History is per top-level form: a later form's error trace shows its own frames
# (h2/u2), not frames from an earlier, already-returned form (h1/u1).
check_trace_on '(defn h1 [x] (inc x)) (defn u1 [] (inc (h1 5))) (u1) (defn h2 [x] (+ :x x)) (defn u2 [] (inc (h2 5))) (u2)' \
'h2' 'u2'
err_stale="$(JOLT_TRACE=1 bin/joltc -e '(defn h1 [x] (inc x)) (defn u1 [] (inc (h1 5))) (u1) (defn h2 [x] (+ :x x)) (defn u2 [] (inc (h2 5))) (u2)' 2>&1 >/dev/null)"
if printf '%s' "$err_stale" | grep -q 'h1'; then
echo " FAIL (trace-on): stale frame h1 from an earlier form leaked into the trace"
fails=$((fails + 1))
else
pass=$((pass + 1))
fi
# --help prints usage, and lists the nREPL server under its real flag name.
help_out="$(bin/joltc --help 2>/dev/null)"
if printf '%s' "$help_out" | grep -q -- '--nrepl-server'; then

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@ -57,10 +57,36 @@
((symbol? nm) (symbol->string nm))
(else #f)))))))
;; Walk a continuation, returning the registered jolt frames (innermost first) as
;; (frame-name . record) pairs, where record is #(ns name file line) or the symbol
;; 'ambiguous. Unmapped frames (host spine, anonymous lambdas) are skipped; raw
;; depth is capped.
;; Frame names that are pure Chez / jolt-runtime plumbing — the eval boundary,
;; the var-cell trampoline, continuation/winder internals. They carry no Clojure
;; meaning, so an unmapped frame with one of these names is dropped from the trace
;; (a MAPPED frame is always kept — a jolt fn that happens to share the name still
;; resolves to its source). Any name Chez prefixes with `$` (system) or that jolt
;; prefixes with `jolt-` (host runtime) is plumbing too.
(define srcreg-plumbing-names
(let ((h (make-hashtable string-hash string=?)))
(for-each (lambda (s) (hashtable-set! h s #t))
'("dynamic-wind" "winder-dummy" "ksrc" "invoke" "apply"
"call-with-values" "call/cc" "call-with-current-continuation"
"raise" "raise-continuable" "with-exception-handler" "guard"
"eval" "compile" "interpret" "expand" "read" "load"
;; host dispatch/coercion helpers (not `jolt-` prefixed) that carry
;; no Clojure meaning in a trace
"record-method-dispatch" "protocol-resolve" "devirt-resolve"
"list->cseq" "host-static-call" "host-call"))
h))
(define (srcreg-plumbing-name? nm)
(or (hashtable-ref srcreg-plumbing-names nm #f)
(and (fx>? (string-length nm) 0) (char=? (string-ref nm 0) #\$))
(and (fx>=? (string-length nm) 5) (string=? (substring nm 0 5) "jolt-"))))
;; Walk a continuation, returning its frames (innermost first) as (frame-name .
;; record) pairs. record is a source vector #(ns name file line) for a frame that
;; maps to registered Clojure source, the symbol 'ambiguous for a short name shared
;; across namespaces, or #f for an unmapped-but-named frame (the common case on the
;; open-world eval path, where nothing is registered — the bare frame name is still
;; a useful trace line). Plumbing frames (host spine, eval boundary) and unnamed
;; frames are skipped; raw depth is capped.
(define (jolt-frame-records k)
;; read the env at call time, not load time: a built binary runs top-level forms
;; at heap-build time, where this would always be unset.
@ -70,26 +96,32 @@
(if (or (not io) (fx>=? n 400))
(reverse acc)
(let* ((nm (srcreg-frame-name io))
(src (and nm (hashtable-ref source-registry nm #f))))
(src (and nm (hashtable-ref source-registry nm #f)))
;; keep a frame that maps, or any named frame that isn't plumbing
(keep? (and nm (or src (not (srcreg-plumbing-name? nm))))))
(when (and debug? nm)
(display (string-append " [frame] " nm (if src " *MAPPED*" "") "\n")
(display (string-append " [frame] " nm (if src " *MAPPED*"
(if keep? "" " (skipped)")) "\n")
(current-error-port)))
(loop (guard (e (#t #f)) (io 'link)) (fx+ n 1)
(if src (cons (cons nm src) acc) acc))))))))
(if keep? (cons (cons nm src) acc) acc))))))))
;; Multi-line backtrace for an uncaught value — " ns/name (file:line)" for a
;; mapped frame, the bare frame name for an ambiguous one — or #f when no jolt
;; frame maps (the caller then prints just the top-level location). Capped to the
;; innermost frames.
(define (jolt-backtrace-string v)
(let ((k (jolt-error-continuation v)))
(and k
(let ((recs (jolt-frame-records k)))
(and (pair? recs)
;; Render a list of (frame-name . record) pairs (innermost/deepest first) to a
;; backtrace string. record is a source vector #(ns name file line) -> "ns/name
;; (file:line)", or 'ambiguous / #f -> the bare frame name. A run of the same
;; frame-name collapses to one "name (xN)" line (deep recursion, or a hot fn a
;; loop re-enters), and the number of distinct lines is capped.
(define (jolt-render-recs recs)
(let ((port (open-output-string)))
(let loop ((rs recs) (shown 0))
(when (and (pair? rs) (fx<? shown 30))
(if (or (null? rs) (fx>=? shown 30))
(get-output-string port)
(let* ((p (car rs)) (frame-name (car p)) (r (cdr p)))
;; count a maximal run of the same frame-name
(let run ((tail (cdr rs)) (cnt 1))
(if (and (pair? tail) (string=? (car (car tail)) frame-name))
(run (cdr tail) (fx+ cnt 1))
(begin
(put-string port " ")
(if (vector? r)
(let ((ns (vector-ref r 0)) (nm (vector-ref r 1))
@ -99,10 +131,37 @@
(put-string port " (") (put-string port file)
(put-string port ":") (put-string port (number->string line))
(put-string port ")")))
(put-string port frame-name)) ; 'ambiguous: bare name
(put-char port #\newline))
(loop (cdr rs) (fx+ shown 1))))
(get-output-string port)))))))
(put-string port frame-name)) ; 'ambiguous / unmapped: bare name
(when (fx>? cnt 1)
(put-string port " (x") (put-string port (number->string cnt)) (put-string port ")"))
(put-char port #\newline)
(loop tail (fx+ shown 1))))))))))
;; Multi-line backtrace for an uncaught value. Two sources, in preference order:
;; 1. The tail-frame history ring (rt.ss), when JOLT_TRACE enabled it — an
;; execution history of the runtime-compiled fns entered before the throw,
;; INCLUDING ones TCO erased from the live continuation. Most-recent first.
;; 2. Otherwise the live continuation (jolt-frame-records) — the accurate but
;; TCO-truncated non-tail spine.
;; Each frame maps to "ns/name (file:line)" when registered, else its bare name.
;; #f when neither source yields a frame (the caller then prints just the location).
(define (jolt-backtrace-string v)
(let* ((hist (jolt-trace-snapshot))
;; a mapped frame is always kept; else drop plumbing (same rule as the
;; continuation path) so the two backtrace sources read consistently
(recs (let loop ((ns hist) (acc '()))
(if (null? ns)
(reverse acc)
(let* ((nm (car ns)) (src (hashtable-ref source-registry nm #f)))
(loop (cdr ns)
(if (or src (not (srcreg-plumbing-name? nm)))
(cons (cons nm src) acc) acc)))))))
(if (pair? recs)
(jolt-render-recs recs)
(let ((k (jolt-error-continuation v)))
(and k
(let ((recs (jolt-frame-records k)))
(and (pair? recs) (jolt-render-recs recs))))))))
;; Render an uncaught jolt throw (any value, not just a Chez condition) to a port:
;; an ex-info shows its message + ex-data (+ a host cause); anything else is

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@ -172,6 +172,14 @@
(def var-cache? (atom false))
(defn set-var-cache! [on] (reset! var-cache? on))
;; Opt-in tail-frame history (JOLT_TRACE): emit a (jolt-trace-push! "name") at the
;; head of every named fn body, so an entry records the frame into the runtime ring
;; buffer (rt.ss) and a TCO-elided frame still shows in an error's backtrace. OFF
;; during the seed mint and `jolt build` (byte-determinism + no runtime cost);
;; compile-eval.ss turns it on for runtime-eval'd user code when JOLT_TRACE is set.
(def trace-frames? (atom false))
(defn set-trace-frames! [on] (reset! trace-frames? on))
;; A direct-link Scheme binding name for a var. The fqn maps to a unique identifier
;; jv$<ns>$<name>; chars that break a Scheme identifier or the `$` separator are
;; escaped so distinct vars never collide.
@ -191,6 +199,13 @@
;; recursion auto-restores them (no manual save/restore, no throw-leak).
(def ^:dynamic *recur-target* nil)
(def ^:dynamic *known-procs* #{})
;; True while emitting a node in TAIL position. Only used, in trace mode, to mark a
;; tail call so the runtime routes its callee into the current history rib instead
;; of a new one (rt.ss). It never affects semantics — a wrong value only mislabels
;; a debug trace line — so partial propagation is safe. `emit` (the wrapper below)
;; clears it by default; the tail-transparent forms (fn body, if/do/let/loop) pass
;; it to their tail child. Default false so a top-level form is treated non-tail.
(def ^:dynamic *tail?* false)
(def ^:private gensym-counter (atom 0))
(defn- fresh-label [prefix] (str prefix (swap! gensym-counter inc)))
@ -253,6 +268,17 @@
(if (or (contains? scheme-reserved s) (contains? bare-native-names s)) (str "_" s) s)))
(declare emit)
(declare emit*)
;; Ops that pass tail position through to a child (the child can itself be a tail
;; call): if/do carry it to their tail branch/last form, let/loop to their body,
;; and invoke reads it to decide whether the call is tail. Every other op's
;; children are non-tail, so `emit` clears *tail?* before dispatching them — that
;; way a stray true can't leak into, say, a call sitting in a vector literal.
(def ^:private tail-transparent-ops #{:if :do :let :loop :invoke})
(defn emit [node]
(if (and *tail?* (not (tail-transparent-ops (:op node))))
(binding [*tail?* false] (emit* node))
(emit* node)))
;; A Chez string literal. Every char outside printable ASCII becomes a
;; codepoint hex escape \x<cp>; ; the named escapes (\n \t \r \" \\) match what
@ -413,9 +439,10 @@
;; letfn lowers to a :let flagged :letrec (mutually-recursive named local fns):
;; Scheme `letrec*` binds them so each sees its siblings. A plain let uses let*.
(defn- emit-let [node]
(let [kw (if (:letrec node) "letrec*" "let*")]
(str "(" kw " (" (str/join " " (map emit-binding (:bindings node))) ") "
(emit (:body node)) ")")))
(let [kw (if (:letrec node) "letrec*" "let*")
;; bindings are non-tail; the body inherits the let's tail position
binds (binding [*tail?* false] (str/join " " (mapv emit-binding (:bindings node))))]
(str "(" kw " (" binds ") " (emit (:body node)) ")")))
(defn- emit-loop [node]
(let [label (fresh-label "loop")
@ -423,9 +450,10 @@
names (map #(munge-name (nth % 0)) pairs)
;; inits evaluate in the OUTER scope (recur-target unchanged) and, like
;; Clojure loop/let, SEQUENTIALLY — wrap a let* around the named let.
inits (map #(emit (nth % 1)) pairs)
inits (binding [*tail?* false] (mapv #(emit (nth % 1)) pairs))
seq-bs (str/join " " (map (fn [n i] (str "(" n " " i ")")) names inits))
rebinds (str/join " " (map (fn [n] (str "(" n " " n ")")) names))
;; the loop body inherits the loop's tail position
body (binding [*recur-target* label] (emit (:body node)))]
(str "(let* (" seq-bs ") (let " label " (" rebinds ") " body "))")))
@ -486,7 +514,11 @@
params (map munge-name orig)
restp (when-let [r (:rest a)] (munge-name r))
label (fresh-label "fnrec")
body (binding [*recur-target* label] (emit (:body a)))
ret (:ret-nhint a)
;; the body is the fn's tail position — UNLESS a ^double/^long return hint
;; wraps it in a coercion below, which puts the body back in non-tail.
body-tail? (not (or (= ret :double) (= ret :long)))
body (binding [*recur-target* label *tail?* body-tail?] (emit (:body a)))
paramlist (cond
(and restp (empty? params)) restp
restp (str "(" (str/join " " params) " . " restp ")")
@ -511,6 +543,16 @@
self (when-let [nm (:name node)] (munge-name nm))
clauses (binding [*known-procs* (if self (conj *known-procs* self) *known-procs*)]
(mapv emit-arity-clause arities))
;; trace mode: record this frame on entry (before the body), so a frame
;; the body then tail-calls away is still in the ring at throw time. A
;; `recur` re-enters via the named-let, not the lambda, so a tight loop
;; records once, not per iteration.
clauses (if (and @trace-frames? self)
(mapv (fn [c] [(nth c 0)
(str "(begin (jolt-trace-push! " (chez-str-lit self) ") "
(nth c 1) ")")])
clauses)
clauses)
lambda (if (= 1 (count clauses))
(let [c (first clauses)] (str "(lambda " (nth c 0) " " (nth c 1) ")"))
(str "(case-lambda "
@ -573,7 +615,30 @@
(= (nth shape i) kw) i
:else (recur (inc i))))))
;; A plain Scheme application: (callee op ...).
(defn- plain-call [callee operand-strs]
(str "(" callee (if (seq operand-strs) (str " " (str/join " " operand-strs)) "") ")"))
;; A tail call in trace mode. Force-bind the operands to temps FIRST (so any
;; operand whose own evaluation records a trace entry runs before our mark), THEN
;; set the tail mark, THEN apply — the callee's entry prologue consumes the mark
;; with nothing in between, so it can't be clobbered. Still a tail call: the let*'s
;; last form is the application, so TCO is preserved.
(defn- tail-marked-call [callee operand-strs]
(let [tmps (mapv (fn [_] (fresh-label "_tt$")) operand-strs)
binds (str/join " " (map (fn [t a] (str "(" t " " a ")")) tmps operand-strs))]
(str "(let* (" binds ") (jolt-trace-mark! #t) " (plain-call callee tmps) ")")))
;; Emit a call, tail-marked when we're in tail position and tracing is on; a plain
;; application otherwise. The mark is consumed by the callee's entry prologue —
;; direct calls (:local known-proc, direct-link) always have one; a jolt-invoke
;; call usually reaches one but not always (see the best-effort note in rt.ss).
(defn- emit-call [tail? callee operand-strs]
(if (and @trace-frames? tail?)
(tail-marked-call callee operand-strs)
(plain-call callee operand-strs)))
(defn- emit-invoke [node]
(let [tail? *tail?*] ; capture: children below emit non-tail
(binding [*tail?* false]
(let [fnode (:fn node)
arg-nodes (:args node)
args (mapv emit arg-nodes)
@ -586,8 +651,7 @@
;; order [callee & args] together when ordering is observable.
invoke (fn []
(ordered-call (cons fnode arg-nodes) (cons (emit fnode) args)
(fn [[f & as]]
(str "(jolt-invoke " f (if (seq as) (str " " (str/join " " as)) "") ")"))))]
(fn [operands] (emit-call tail? "jolt-invoke" operands))))]
(cond
;; devirtualized protocol call: the inference proved the receiver (arg 0) is
;; one record type, so resolve the impl by that static tag instead of routing
@ -662,8 +726,7 @@
;; holds an arbitrary IFn -> dynamic dispatch.
(= :local (:op fnode))
(if (*known-procs* (munge-name (:name fnode)))
(order-args (fn [as] (str "(" (munge-name (:name fnode))
(if (seq as) (str " " (str/join " " as)) "") ")")))
(order-args (fn [as] (emit-call tail? (munge-name (:name fnode)) as)))
(invoke))
;; closed-world direct call: the callee var is an app fn def already emitted
;; with a Scheme binding — apply it directly, no var lookup, no jolt-invoke.
@ -672,8 +735,7 @@
;; below (which still uses the direct binding as the invoke target).
(and (= :var (:op fnode)) (direct-linkable? (:ns fnode) (:name fnode))
(direct-link-fn? (:ns fnode) (:name fnode)))
(order-args (fn [as] (str "(" (dl-name (:ns fnode) (:name fnode))
(if (seq as) (str " " (str/join " " as)) "") ")")))
(order-args (fn [as] (emit-call tail? (dl-name (:ns fnode) (:name fnode)) as)))
;; a late-bound :var call head can hold a procedure OR a non-applicable
;; value the RT dispatches (multimethod, keyword/coll IFn) — route via
;; jolt-invoke (transparent for a procedure).
@ -681,7 +743,7 @@
(invoke)
;; a computed callee can yield ANY IFn — route through jolt-invoke.
:else
(invoke))))
(invoke))))))
;; try/catch/finally. throw raises a Chez condition wrapping the jolt value
;; (jolt-throw = Scheme `raise` of a &jolt-throw condition); catch lowers to
@ -728,7 +790,7 @@
(returns-scheme-bool? (:body node) bools'))
:else false)))
(defn emit [node]
(defn emit* [node]
(case (:op node)
:const (emit-const (:val node))
:local (munge-name (:name node))
@ -776,11 +838,14 @@
:host-new (str "(host-new " (chez-str-lit (:class node))
(let [args (map emit (:args node))]
(if (empty? args) "" (str " " (str/join " " args)))) ")")
;; the test is non-tail; then/else inherit the if's tail position
:if (let [test (:test node)
t (if (returns-scheme-bool? test) (emit test)
(str "(jolt-truthy? " (emit test) ")"))]
t (binding [*tail?* false]
(if (returns-scheme-bool? test) (emit test)
(str "(jolt-truthy? " (emit test) ")")))]
(str "(if " t " " (emit (:then node)) " " (emit (:else node)) ")"))
:do (str "(begin " (str/join " " (map emit (:statements node)))
;; non-last statements are non-tail; the ret inherits the do's tail position
:do (str "(begin " (binding [*tail?* false] (str/join " " (mapv emit (:statements node))))
(if (empty? (:statements node)) "" " ") (emit (:ret node)) ")")
:invoke (emit-invoke node)
;; collection literals -> rt constructors (collections.ss). Elements are