clojure.string toString coercion; some-fn/ifn? reference semantics; misc host gaps

The clojure.string case fns and searches now take any Object s through its
toString like the reference's ^CharSequence signatures ((upper-case :kw) is
":KW", (capitalize 1) is "1"); nil throws, and a nil substr in
starts-with?/ends-with? throws. some-fn re-ported with the reference
arities: (some-fn) is an arity error and a no-match result is the last
predicate's own falsy value (false, not nil). ifn? covers multimethods,
promises (which are now invocable — calling one delivers, via a cold-path
invoke-arm registry that costs the hot dispatch nothing), and deftypes
implementing IFn's invoke.

One structural find on the way: defmulti/defmethod deferred inside a fn
body (the deftest pattern) interned/resolved in whatever namespace was
current when they RAN, not the one they were written in — the macros now
bake their expansion ns and the setups honor it.

Also: Boolean/Integer/Double wrapper ctors, primitive TYPE statics
(Integer/TYPE etc.), .reduce on collections (IReduce), and Long/TYPE.

cts baseline 5857 -> 5904 pass, 58 -> 28 errors, 57 baselined namespaces —
the string cluster, some-fn, ifn-qmark, boolean-qmark, and reduce
namespaces are all fully clean. 7 JVM-certified corpus rows; spec entry.

host/chez/java/concurrency.ss

@@ -301,6 +301,16 @@
 (def-var! "clojure.core" "future-cancelled?" jolt-native-future-cancelled?)
 (def-var! "clojure.core" "promise" jolt-promise-new)
 (def-var! "clojure.core" "deliver" jolt-deliver)
+;; a promise is an IFn on the JVM: (p val) delivers. Registered as a cold
+;; invoke arm; callable-host? feeds the ifn? overlay (multimethods included).
+(register-invoke-arm! jolt-promise?
+  (lambda (p args)
+    (if (and (pair? args) (null? (cdr args)))
+        (jolt-deliver p (car args))
+        (jolt-throw (jolt-host-throwable "clojure.lang.ArityException"
+                                         "Wrong number of args passed to a promise")))))
+(def-var! "jolt.host" "callable-host?"
+  (lambda (x) (if (or (jolt-multifn? x) (jolt-promise? x)) #t jolt-nil)))
 (def-var! "clojure.core" "agent" jolt-agent-new)
 (def-var! "clojure.core" "agent?" jolt-agent?)
 (def-var! "clojure.core" "send" jolt-agent-send)

host/chez/java/dot-forms.ss

@@ -60,6 +60,12 @@
     ;; branch and is mis-read as a missing :iterator key (nil). Some libraries
     ;; (e.g. malli's -vmap) iterate a map this way.
     ((string=? name "iterator") (list (make-jiterator (jolt-seq obj))))
+    ;; (.reduce coll f) / (.reduce coll f init): clojure.lang.IReduce — every
+    ;; persistent collection reduces itself on the JVM.
+    ((string=? name "reduce")
+     (list (if (pair? (cdr args))
+               (jolt-reduce (car args) (cadr args) obj)
+               (jolt-reduce (car args) obj))))
     (else #f)))
 
 ;; Universal object-methods: on a

host/chez/java/host-static-methods.ss

@@ -202,7 +202,8 @@
                 (bitwise-ior (bitwise-arithmetic-shift-left r 1)
                              (bitwise-and (bitwise-arithmetic-shift-right v i) 1)))))))
 (register-class-statics! "Long"
-  (list (cons "MAX_VALUE" (->num 9223372036854775807))
+  (list (cons "TYPE" "long")
+        (cons "MAX_VALUE" (->num 9223372036854775807))
         (cons "MIN_VALUE" (->num -9223372036854775808))
         (cons "bitCount" (lambda (n) (->num (bitwise-bit-count (bitwise-and (jnum->exact n) long-mask64)))))
         (cons "numberOfLeadingZeros" (lambda (n) (->num (long-nlz n))))
@@ -214,6 +215,8 @@
 (define (int->u32 n) (if (< n 0) (+ n 4294967296) n))
 (register-class-statics! "Integer"
   (list (cons "MAX_VALUE" (->num 2147483647)) (cons "MIN_VALUE" (->num -2147483648))
+        ;; the primitive class token (int.class); jolt models a class as its name
+        (cons "TYPE" "int")
         (cons "valueOf" (lambda (x . r)
                           (if (number? x) (->num x)
                               (parse-int-or-throw x (if (null? r) 10 (jnum->exact (car r))) "valueOf"))))
@@ -227,12 +230,14 @@
 ;; Byte / Short bounds (their values are plain integers on jolt; the statics let
 ;; libraries reference the JVM ranges — clojure.test.check generates over them).
 (register-class-statics! "Byte"
-  (list (cons "MAX_VALUE" (->num 127)) (cons "MIN_VALUE" (->num -128))
+  (list (cons "TYPE" "byte")
+        (cons "MAX_VALUE" (->num 127)) (cons "MIN_VALUE" (->num -128))
         (cons "valueOf" (lambda (x . r) (->num (if (number? x) x (parse-int-or-throw x 10 "valueOf")))))
         (cons "parseByte" (lambda (x . r) (parse-int-or-throw x (if (null? r) 10 (jnum->exact (car r))) "parseByte")))
         (cons "toString" (lambda (x . r) (number->string (jnum->exact x))))))
 (register-class-statics! "Short"
-  (list (cons "MAX_VALUE" (->num 32767)) (cons "MIN_VALUE" (->num -32768))
+  (list (cons "TYPE" "short")
+        (cons "MAX_VALUE" (->num 32767)) (cons "MIN_VALUE" (->num -32768))
         (cons "valueOf" (lambda (x . r) (->num (if (number? x) x (parse-int-or-throw x 10 "valueOf")))))
         (cons "parseShort" (lambda (x . r) (parse-int-or-throw x (if (null? r) 10 (jnum->exact (car r))) "parseShort")))
         (cons "toString" (lambda (x . r) (number->string (jnum->exact x))))))
@@ -247,13 +252,15 @@
         (cons "ROOT" "und") (cons "US" "en-US") (cons "ENGLISH" "en")))
 
 (register-class-statics! "Boolean"
-  (list (cons "parseBoolean" (lambda (s) (string=? "true" (ascii-string-down (if (string? s) s (jolt-str-render-one s))))))
+  (list (cons "TYPE" "boolean")
+        (cons "parseBoolean" (lambda (s) (string=? "true" (ascii-string-down (if (string? s) s (jolt-str-render-one s))))))
         (cons "TRUE" #t) (cons "FALSE" #f)))
 
 (register-class-ctor! "Double" ->double)
 (register-class-ctor! "Float" ->double)
 (register-class-statics! "Double"
-  (list (cons "parseDouble" parse-double-or-throw)
+  (list (cons "TYPE" "double")
+        (cons "parseDouble" parse-double-or-throw)
         (cons "valueOf" ->double)
         (cons "toString" (lambda (x) (jolt-str-render-one (->double x))))
         (cons "isNaN" (lambda (x) (and (flonum? x) (nan? x))))
@@ -261,11 +268,13 @@
         (cons "MAX_VALUE" 1.7976931348623157e308) (cons "MIN_VALUE" 4.9e-324)
         (cons "POSITIVE_INFINITY" +inf.0) (cons "NEGATIVE_INFINITY" -inf.0) (cons "NaN" +nan.0)))
 (register-class-statics! "Float"
-  (list (cons "parseFloat" parse-double-or-throw) (cons "valueOf" ->double)))
+  (list (cons "TYPE" "float")
+        (cons "parseFloat" parse-double-or-throw) (cons "valueOf" ->double)))
 
 ;; Character: ASCII predicates (the engine is byte/ASCII oriented).
 (register-class-statics! "Character"
-  (list (cons "isUpperCase" (lambda (c) (let ((n (char-code c))) (and (>= n 65) (<= n 90)))))
+  (list (cons "TYPE" "char")
+        (cons "isUpperCase" (lambda (c) (let ((n (char-code c))) (and (>= n 65) (<= n 90)))))
         (cons "isLowerCase" (lambda (c) (let ((n (char-code c))) (and (>= n 97) (<= n 122)))))
         (cons "isDigit" (lambda (c) (let ((n (char-code c))) (and (>= n 48) (<= n 57)))))
         ;; JVM Character.isWhitespace: Unicode whitespace (so U+2028 line separator

host/chez/java/io.ss

@@ -624,6 +624,31 @@
 ;; (Long. n) / (Long. "n"): a Long is just jolt's integer; return it (parse a string).
 (register-class-ctor! "Long" (lambda (x) (if (string? x) (parse-int-or-throw x 10 "Long") (->num (jnum->exact x)))))
 (register-class-ctor! "java.lang.Long" (lambda (x) (if (string? x) (parse-int-or-throw x 10 "Long") (->num (jnum->exact x)))))
+;; (Integer. n) / (Integer. "n"): jolt's integer, range-checked like intCast.
+(define (integer-ctor x)
+  (jolt-int-cast (if (string? x) (parse-int-or-throw x 10 "Integer") x)))
+(register-class-ctor! "Integer" integer-ctor)
+(register-class-ctor! "java.lang.Integer" integer-ctor)
+;; (Double. x) / (Double. "x"): jolt's double.
+(define (double-ctor x)
+  (if (string? x)
+      (let ((n (string->number x)))
+        (if n (exact->inexact n)
+            (jolt-throw (jolt-host-throwable "java.lang.NumberFormatException"
+                                             (string-append "For input string: \"" x "\"")))))
+      (jolt-double x)))
+(register-class-ctor! "Double" double-ctor)
+(register-class-ctor! "java.lang.Double" double-ctor)
+
+;; (Boolean. "true") / (Boolean. b): true for the string "true" (case-insensitive,
+;; anything else false) or the boolean itself — Boolean.valueOf semantics; the
+;; box is jolt's plain boolean.
+(define (boolean-ctor x)
+  (cond ((string? x) (string-ci=? x "true"))
+        ((boolean? x) x)
+        (else #f)))
+(register-class-ctor! "Boolean" boolean-ctor)
+(register-class-ctor! "java.lang.Boolean" boolean-ctor)
 
 ;; --- java.net.URI -----------------------------------------------------------
 ;; A minimal RFC-3986 split into scheme/authority/host/port/path/query/fragment,

host/chez/multimethods.ss

@@ -61,26 +61,36 @@
 
 (define (jolt-defmulti-setup name-sym dispatch . opts)
   (let-values (((dk h) (parse-mm-opts opts)))
-    (let ((mf (make-jolt-multifn (symbol-t-name name-sym) dispatch
-                                 (new-mm-table) dk h (new-mm-table))))
-      (def-var! (chez-current-ns) (symbol-t-name name-sym) mf)
+    (let* ((sns (symbol-t-ns name-sym))
+           ;; the macro qualifies the name with its EXPANSION ns, so a defmulti
+           ;; deferred inside a fn (a deftest body) still defines in the ns it
+           ;; was written in, not whatever ns is current when it finally runs.
+           (ns (if (string? sns) sns (chez-current-ns)))
+           (mf (make-jolt-multifn (symbol-t-name name-sym) dispatch
+                                  (new-mm-table) dk h (new-mm-table))))
+      (def-var! ns (symbol-t-name name-sym) mf)
       mf)))
 
 ;; (defmethod-setup 'mm dispatch-val impl) — add a method. Auto-creates the multifn
 ;; if absent (defmethod before defmulti — rare; identity dispatch as a fallback).
-(define (jolt-defmethod-setup mm-sym dval impl)
+(define (jolt-defmethod-setup mm-sym dval impl . rest)
   (let* ((nm (symbol-t-name mm-sym))
          (sns (symbol-t-ns mm-sym))
          (qns (and sns (not (jolt-nil? sns)) (not (null? sns)) sns))
+         ;; the macro passes its EXPANSION ns so a defmethod deferred inside a
+         ;; fn resolves like the JVM (against the ns it was written in, not the
+         ;; ns current when it runs); absent (old emitted code) fall back to the
+         ;; runtime ns.
+         (here (if (and (pair? rest) (string? (car rest))) (car rest) (chez-current-ns)))
          ;; qualified (cf.mm/ext) resolves in its own ns (cross-ns defmethod);
-         ;; unqualified resolves in the current ns, else a :refer's home ns (so a
+         ;; unqualified resolves in the writing ns, else a :refer's home ns (so a
          ;; defmethod on a referred multifn lands on the real one), else stays in
-         ;; the current ns (a shadow, as before).
+         ;; the writing ns (a shadow, as before).
          (mns (cond
-                (qns (or (chez-resolve-alias (chez-current-ns) qns) qns))
-                ((var-cell-lookup (chez-current-ns) nm) (chez-current-ns))
-                ((chez-resolve-refer (chez-current-ns) nm) => values)
-                (else (chez-current-ns))))
+                (qns (or (chez-resolve-alias here qns) qns))
+                ((var-cell-lookup here nm) here)
+                ((chez-resolve-refer here nm) => values)
+                (else here)))
          (cur (var-deref mns nm))
          (mf (if (jolt-multifn? cur) cur
                  ;; auto-create: copy the dispatch fn + default from a same-named

host/chez/seq.ss

@@ -436,6 +436,16 @@
 ;; can't statically resolve to a procedure (a keyword/coll/proc held in a local)
 ;; routes here. Off the arithmetic/self-recursion hot path by construction.
 ;; ============================================================================
+;; (pred . handler) arms making a host type invocable; handler gets (f args).
+(define jolt-invoke-arms '())
+(define (register-invoke-arm! pred handler)
+  (set! jolt-invoke-arms (cons (cons pred handler) jolt-invoke-arms)))
+(define (jolt-invoke-arm-for f)
+  (let loop ((as jolt-invoke-arms))
+    (cond ((null? as) #f)
+          (((caar as) f) (cdar as))
+          (else (loop (cdr as))))))
+
 (define (jolt-invoke f . args)
   (cond
     ((procedure? f) (apply f args))
@@ -449,6 +459,9 @@
      => (lambda (m) (apply jolt-invoke m f args)))
     ((and (reified-methods f) (hashtable-ref (reified-methods f) "invoke" #f))
      => (lambda (m) (apply jolt-invoke m f args)))
+    ;; host types registered as callable (promise delivers, …): consulted only
+    ;; after every built-in case missed, so the hot dispatch pays nothing.
+    ((jolt-invoke-arm-for f) => (lambda (h) (h f args)))
     ;; calling a non-fn: a ClassCastException naming the operator's CLASS (like
     ;; the JVM's "class clojure.lang.LazySeq cannot be cast to ... IFn" — never
     ;; the value, whose printed form may be unbounded: ((range)) must throw, not