post-scarcity/src/arith/peano.c

751 lines
27 KiB
C

/*
* peano.c
*
* Basic peano arithmetic
*
* (c) 2017 Simon Brooke <simon@journeyman.cc>
* Licensed under GPL version 2.0, or, at your option, any later version.
*/
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "memory/consspaceobject.h"
#include "memory/conspage.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "ops/equal.h"
#include "arith/integer.h"
#include "ops/intern.h"
#include "ops/lispops.h"
#include "arith/peano.h"
#include "io/print.h"
#include "arith/ratio.h"
#include "io/read.h"
#include "arith/real.h"
#include "memory/stack.h"
long double to_long_double( struct cons_pointer arg );
int64_t to_long_int( struct cons_pointer arg );
struct cons_pointer add_2( struct stack_frame *frame,
struct cons_pointer frame_pointer,
struct cons_pointer arg1,
struct cons_pointer arg2 );
/**
* return true if this `arg` points to a number whose value is zero.
*/
bool zerop( struct cons_pointer arg ) {
bool result = false;
struct cons_space_object cell = pointer2cell( arg );
switch ( cell.tag.value ) {
case INTEGERTV:{
do {
debug_print( L"zerop: ", DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_dump_object( arg, DEBUG_ARITH );
result =
( pointer2cell( arg ).payload.integer.value == 0 );
arg = pointer2cell( arg ).payload.integer.more;
} while ( result && integerp( arg ) );
}
break;
case RATIOTV:
result = zerop( cell.payload.ratio.dividend );
break;
case REALTV:
result = ( cell.payload.real.value == 0 );
break;
}
return result;
}
/**
* does this `arg` point to a negative number?
*/
bool is_negative( struct cons_pointer arg ) {
bool result = false;
struct cons_space_object cell = pointer2cell( arg );
switch ( cell.tag.value ) {
case INTEGERTV:
result = cell.payload.integer.value < 0;
break;
case RATIOTV:
result = is_negative( cell.payload.ratio.dividend );
break;
case REALTV:
result = ( cell.payload.real.value < 0 );
break;
}
return result;
}
struct cons_pointer absolute( struct cons_pointer arg ) {
struct cons_pointer result = NIL;
struct cons_space_object cell = pointer2cell( arg );
if ( is_negative( arg ) ) {
switch ( cell.tag.value ) {
case INTEGERTV:
result =
make_integer( llabs( cell.payload.integer.value ),
cell.payload.integer.more );
break;
case RATIOTV:
result = make_ratio( absolute( cell.payload.ratio.dividend ),
cell.payload.ratio.divisor );
break;
case REALTV:
result = make_real( 0 - cell.payload.real.value );
break;
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* Return the closest possible `binary64` representation to the value of
* this `arg`, expected to be an integer, ratio or real, or `NAN` if `arg`
* is not any of these.
*
* @arg a pointer to an integer, ratio or real.
*
* \todo cannot throw an exception out of here, which is a problem
* if a ratio may legally have zero as a divisor, or something which is
* not a number is passed in.
*/
long double to_long_double( struct cons_pointer arg ) {
long double result = 0;
struct cons_space_object cell = pointer2cell( arg );
switch ( cell.tag.value ) {
case INTEGERTV:
// obviously, this doesn't work for bignums
result = ( long double ) cell.payload.integer.value;
// sadly, this doesn't work at all.
// result += 1.0;
// for (bool is_first = false; integerp(arg); is_first = true) {
// debug_printf(DEBUG_ARITH, L"to_long_double: accumulator = %lf, arg = ", result);
// debug_dump_object(arg, DEBUG_ARITH);
// if (!is_first) {
// result *= (long double)(MAX_INTEGER + 1);
// }
// result *= (long double)(cell.payload.integer.value);
// arg = cell.payload.integer.more;
// cell = pointer2cell( arg );
// }
break;
case RATIOTV:
result = to_long_double( cell.payload.ratio.dividend ) /
to_long_double( cell.payload.ratio.divisor );
break;
case REALTV:
result = cell.payload.real.value;
break;
default:
result = NAN;
break;
}
debug_print( L"to_long_double( ", DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print_object( arg, DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_printf( DEBUG_ARITH, L") => %lf\n", result );
return result;
}
/**
* Return the closest possible `int64_t` representation to the value of
* this `arg`, expected to be an integer, ratio or real, or `NAN` if `arg`
* is not any of these.
*
* @arg a pointer to an integer, ratio or real.
*
* \todo cannot throw an exception out of here, which is a problem
* if a ratio may legally have zero as a divisor, or something which is
* not a number (or is a big number) is passed in.
*/
int64_t to_long_int( struct cons_pointer arg ) {
int64_t result = 0;
struct cons_space_object cell = pointer2cell( arg );
switch ( cell.tag.value ) {
case INTEGERTV:
/* \todo if (integerp(cell.payload.integer.more)) {
* throw an exception!
* } */
result = cell.payload.integer.value;
break;
case RATIOTV:
result = lroundl( to_long_double( arg ) );
break;
case REALTV:
result = lroundl( cell.payload.real.value );
break;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Function: calculate the absolute value of a number.
*
* (absolute arg)
*
* @param env the evaluation environment - ignored;
* @param frame the stack frame.
* @return the absolute value of the number represented by the first
* argument, or NIL if it was not a number.
*/
struct cons_pointer lisp_absolute( struct stack_frame
*frame, struct cons_pointer frame_pointer, struct
cons_pointer env ) {
return absolute( frame->arg[0] );
}
/**
* return a cons_pointer indicating a number which is the sum of
* the numbers indicated by `arg1` and `arg2`.
*/
struct cons_pointer add_2( struct stack_frame *frame,
struct cons_pointer frame_pointer,
struct cons_pointer arg1,
struct cons_pointer arg2 ) {
struct cons_pointer result;
struct cons_space_object cell1 = pointer2cell( arg1 );
struct cons_space_object cell2 = pointer2cell( arg2 );
debug_print( L"add_2( arg1 = ", DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_dump_object( arg1, DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print( L"; arg2 = ", DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_dump_object( arg2, DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print( L"\n", DEBUG_ARITH );
if ( zerop( arg1 ) ) {
result = arg2;
} else if ( zerop( arg2 ) ) {
result = arg1;
} else {
switch ( cell1.tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = arg1;
break;
case INTEGERTV:
switch ( cell2.tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = arg2;
break;
case INTEGERTV:
result = add_integers( arg1, arg2 );
break;
case RATIOTV:
result = add_integer_ratio( arg1, arg2 );
break;
case REALTV:
result =
make_real( to_long_double( arg1 ) +
to_long_double( arg2 ) );
break;
default:
result = throw_exception( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot add: not a number" ),
frame_pointer );
break;
}
break;
case RATIOTV:
switch ( cell2.tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = arg2;
break;
case INTEGERTV:
result = add_integer_ratio( arg2, arg1 );
break;
case RATIOTV:
result = add_ratio_ratio( arg1, arg2 );
break;
case REALTV:
result =
make_real( to_long_double( arg1 ) +
to_long_double( arg2 ) );
break;
default:
result = throw_exception( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot add: not a number" ),
frame_pointer );
break;
}
break;
case REALTV:
result =
make_real( to_long_double( arg1 ) +
to_long_double( arg2 ) );
break;
default:
result = exceptionp( arg2 ) ? arg2 :
throw_exception( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot add: not a number" ),
frame_pointer );
}
}
debug_print( L"}; => ", DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print_object( arg2, DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print( L"\n", DEBUG_ARITH );
return result;
}
/**
* Add an indefinite number of numbers together
* @param env the evaluation environment - ignored;
* @param frame the stack frame.
* @return a pointer to an integer, ratio or real.
* @exception if any argument is not a number, returns an exception.
*/
struct cons_pointer lisp_add( struct stack_frame
*frame, struct cons_pointer frame_pointer, struct
cons_pointer env ) {
struct cons_pointer result = make_integer( 0, NIL );
struct cons_pointer tmp;
for ( int i = 0;
i < args_in_frame &&
!nilp( frame->arg[i] ) && !exceptionp( result ); i++ ) {
tmp = result;
result = add_2( frame, frame_pointer, result, frame->arg[i] );
if ( !eq( tmp, result ) ) {
dec_ref( tmp );
}
}
struct cons_pointer more = frame->more;
while ( consp( more ) && !exceptionp( result ) ) {
tmp = result;
result = add_2( frame, frame_pointer, result, c_car( more ) );
if ( !eq( tmp, result ) ) {
dec_ref( tmp );
}
more = c_cdr( more );
}
return result;
}
/**
* return a cons_pointer indicating a number which is the product of
* the numbers indicated by `arg1` and `arg2`.
*/
struct cons_pointer multiply_2( struct stack_frame *frame,
struct cons_pointer frame_pointer,
struct cons_pointer arg1,
struct cons_pointer arg2 ) {
struct cons_pointer result;
struct cons_space_object cell1 = pointer2cell( arg1 );
struct cons_space_object cell2 = pointer2cell( arg2 );
debug_print( L"multiply_2( arg1 = ", DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print_object( arg1, DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print( L"; arg2 = ", DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print_object( arg2, DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print( L")\n", DEBUG_ARITH );
if ( zerop( arg1 ) ) {
result = arg2;
} else if ( zerop( arg2 ) ) {
result = arg1;
} else {
switch ( cell1.tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = arg1;
break;
case INTEGERTV:
switch ( cell2.tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = arg2;
break;
case INTEGERTV:
result = multiply_integers( arg1, arg2 );
break;
case RATIOTV:
result = multiply_integer_ratio( arg1, arg2 );
break;
case REALTV:
result =
make_real( to_long_double( arg1 ) *
to_long_double( arg2 ) );
break;
default:
result =
throw_exception( make_cons
( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot multiply: argument 2 is not a number: " ),
c_type( arg2 ) ),
frame_pointer );
break;
}
break;
case RATIOTV:
switch ( cell2.tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = arg2;
break;
case INTEGERTV:
result = multiply_integer_ratio( arg2, arg1 );
break;
case RATIOTV:
result = multiply_ratio_ratio( arg1, arg2 );
break;
case REALTV:
result =
make_real( to_long_double( arg1 ) *
to_long_double( arg2 ) );
break;
default:
result =
throw_exception( make_cons
( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot multiply: argument 2 is not a number" ),
c_type( arg2 ) ),
frame_pointer );
}
break;
case REALTV:
result = exceptionp( arg2 ) ? arg2 :
make_real( to_long_double( arg1 ) *
to_long_double( arg2 ) );
break;
default:
result = throw_exception( make_cons( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot multiply: argument 1 is not a number" ),
c_type( arg1 ) ),
frame_pointer );
break;
}
}
debug_print( L"multiply_2 returning: ", DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print_object( result, DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print( L"\n", DEBUG_ARITH );
return result;
}
#define multiply_one_arg(arg) {if (exceptionp(arg)){result=arg;}else{tmp = result; result = multiply_2( frame, frame_pointer, result, arg ); if ( !eq( tmp, result ) ) dec_ref( tmp );}}
/**
* Multiply an indefinite number of numbers together
* @param env the evaluation environment - ignored;
* @param frame the stack frame.
* @return a pointer to an integer, ratio or real.
* @exception if any argument is not a number, returns an exception.
*/
struct cons_pointer lisp_multiply( struct
stack_frame
*frame, struct cons_pointer frame_pointer, struct
cons_pointer env ) {
struct cons_pointer result = make_integer( 1, NIL );
struct cons_pointer tmp;
for ( int i = 0; i < args_in_frame && !nilp( frame->arg[i] )
&& !exceptionp( result ); i++ ) {
debug_print( L"lisp_multiply: accumulator = ", DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print_object( result, DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print( L"; arg = ", DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print_object( frame->arg[i], DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_println( DEBUG_ARITH );
multiply_one_arg( frame->arg[i] );
}
struct cons_pointer more = frame->more;
while ( consp( more )
&& !exceptionp( result ) ) {
multiply_one_arg( c_car( more ) );
more = c_cdr( more );
}
debug_print( L"lisp_multiply returning: ", DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_print_object( result, DEBUG_ARITH );
debug_println( DEBUG_ARITH );
return result;
}
/**
* return a cons_pointer indicating a number which is the
* 0 - the number indicated by `arg`.
*/
struct cons_pointer negative( struct cons_pointer arg ) {
struct cons_pointer result = NIL;
struct cons_space_object cell = pointer2cell( arg );
switch ( cell.tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = arg;
break;
case INTEGERTV:
result =
make_integer( 0 - cell.payload.integer.value,
cell.payload.integer.more );
break;
case NILTV:
result = TRUE;
break;
case RATIOTV:
result = make_ratio( negative( cell.payload.ratio.dividend ),
cell.payload.ratio.divisor );
break;
case REALTV:
result = make_real( 0 - to_long_double( arg ) );
break;
case TRUETV:
result = NIL;
break;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Function: is this number negative?
*
* * (negative? arg)
*
* @param env the evaluation environment - ignored;
* @param frame the stack frame.
* @return T if the first argument was a negative number, or NIL if it
* was not.
*/
struct cons_pointer lisp_is_negative( struct stack_frame
*frame,
struct cons_pointer frame_pointer, struct
cons_pointer env ) {
return is_negative( frame->arg[0] ) ? TRUE : NIL;
}
/**
* return a cons_pointer indicating a number which is the result of
* subtracting the number indicated by `arg2` from that indicated by `arg1`,
* in the context of this `frame`.
*/
struct cons_pointer subtract_2( struct stack_frame *frame,
struct cons_pointer frame_pointer,
struct cons_pointer arg1,
struct cons_pointer arg2 ) {
struct cons_pointer result = NIL;
switch ( pointer2cell( arg1 ).tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = arg1;
break;
case INTEGERTV:
switch ( pointer2cell( arg2 ).tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = arg2;
break;
case INTEGERTV:{
struct cons_pointer i = negative( arg2 );
inc_ref( i );
result = add_integers( arg1, i );
dec_ref( i );
}
break;
case RATIOTV:{
struct cons_pointer tmp = make_ratio( arg1,
make_integer( 1,
NIL ) );
inc_ref( tmp );
result = subtract_ratio_ratio( tmp, arg2 );
dec_ref( tmp );
}
break;
case REALTV:
result =
make_real( to_long_double( arg1 ) -
to_long_double( arg2 ) );
break;
default:
result = throw_exception( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot subtract: not a number" ),
frame_pointer );
break;
}
break;
case RATIOTV:
switch ( pointer2cell( arg2 ).tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = arg2;
break;
case INTEGERTV:{
struct cons_pointer tmp = make_ratio( arg2,
make_integer( 1,
NIL ) );
inc_ref( tmp );
result = subtract_ratio_ratio( arg1, tmp );
dec_ref( tmp );
}
break;
case RATIOTV:
result = subtract_ratio_ratio( arg1, arg2 );
break;
case REALTV:
result =
make_real( to_long_double( arg1 ) -
to_long_double( arg2 ) );
break;
default:
result = throw_exception( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot subtract: not a number" ),
frame_pointer );
break;
}
break;
case REALTV:
result = exceptionp( arg2 ) ? arg2 :
make_real( to_long_double( arg1 ) - to_long_double( arg2 ) );
break;
default:
result = throw_exception( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot subtract: not a number" ),
frame_pointer );
break;
}
// and if not nilp[frame->arg[2]) we also have an error.
return result;
}
/**
* Subtract one number from another. If more than two arguments are passed
* in the frame, the additional arguments are ignored.
* @param env the evaluation environment - ignored;
* @param frame the stack frame.
* @return a pointer to an integer, ratio or real.
* @exception if either argument is not a number, returns an exception.
*/
struct cons_pointer lisp_subtract( struct
stack_frame
*frame, struct cons_pointer frame_pointer, struct
cons_pointer env ) {
return subtract_2( frame, frame_pointer, frame->arg[0], frame->arg[1] );
}
/**
* Divide one number by another. If more than two arguments are passed
* in the frame, the additional arguments are ignored.
* @param env the evaluation environment - ignored;
* @param frame the stack frame.
* @return a pointer to an integer or real.
* @exception if either argument is not a number, returns an exception.
*/
struct cons_pointer lisp_divide( struct
stack_frame
*frame, struct cons_pointer frame_pointer, struct
cons_pointer env ) {
struct cons_pointer result = NIL;
struct cons_space_object arg0 = pointer2cell( frame->arg[0] );
struct cons_space_object arg1 = pointer2cell( frame->arg[1] );
switch ( arg0.tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = frame->arg[0];
break;
case INTEGERTV:
switch ( arg1.tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = frame->arg[1];
break;
case INTEGERTV:{
struct cons_pointer unsimplified =
make_ratio( frame->arg[0],
frame->arg[1] );
/* OK, if result may be unsimplified, we should not inc_ref it
* - but if not, we should dec_ref it. */
result = simplify_ratio( unsimplified );
if ( !eq( unsimplified, result ) ) {
dec_ref( unsimplified );
}
}
break;
case RATIOTV:{
struct cons_pointer one = make_integer( 1, NIL );
struct cons_pointer ratio =
make_ratio( frame->arg[0], one );
inc_ref( ratio );
result = divide_ratio_ratio( ratio, frame->arg[1] );
dec_ref( ratio );
}
break;
case REALTV:
result =
make_real( to_long_double( frame->arg[0] ) /
to_long_double( frame->arg[1] ) );
break;
default:
result = throw_exception( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot divide: not a number" ),
frame_pointer );
break;
}
break;
case RATIOTV:
switch ( arg1.tag.value ) {
case EXCEPTIONTV:
result = frame->arg[1];
break;
case INTEGERTV:{
struct cons_pointer one = make_integer( 1, NIL );
inc_ref( one );
struct cons_pointer ratio =
make_ratio( frame->arg[1], one );
inc_ref( ratio );
result = divide_ratio_ratio( frame->arg[0], ratio );
dec_ref( ratio );
dec_ref( one );
}
break;
case RATIOTV:
result =
divide_ratio_ratio( frame->arg[0], frame->arg[1] );
break;
case REALTV:
result =
make_real( to_long_double( frame->arg[0] ) /
to_long_double( frame->arg[1] ) );
break;
default:
result = throw_exception( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot divide: not a number" ),
frame_pointer );
break;
}
break;
case REALTV:
result = exceptionp( frame->arg[1] ) ? frame->arg[1] :
make_real( to_long_double( frame->arg[0] ) /
to_long_double( frame->arg[1] ) );
break;
default:
result = throw_exception( c_string_to_lisp_string
( L"Cannot divide: not a number" ),
frame_pointer );
break;
}
return result;
}