Much progress on API
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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Analysis</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arden.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arden</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Bialowieza.html"><div class="inner"><span>Bialowieza</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="KnacqTools.html"><div class="inner"><span>KnacqTools</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1"><div class="no-link"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>wildwood</span></div></div></li><li class="depth-2 branch"><a href="wildwood.advocate.html"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>advocate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-2 branch"><a href="wildwood.bialowieza.html"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>bialowieza</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-2 branch"><a href="wildwood.knowledge-accessor.html"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>knowledge-accessor</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-2"><a href="wildwood.schema.html"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>schema</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#analysis" name="analysis"></a>Analysis</h1>
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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Analysis</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arden.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arden</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Bialowieza.html"><div class="inner"><span>Bialowieza</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="KnacqTools.html"><div class="inner"><span>KnacqTools</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1"><div class="no-link"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>wildwood</span></div></div></li><li class="depth-2 branch"><a href="wildwood.advocate.html"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>advocate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-2 branch"><a href="wildwood.bialowieza.html"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>bialowieza</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-2 branch"><a href="wildwood.caesar.html"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>caesar</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-2"><div class="no-link"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>dengine</span></div></div></li><li class="depth-3"><a href="wildwood.dengine.engine.html"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>engine</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-2 branch"><a href="wildwood.knowledge-accessor.html"><div class="inner"><span class="tree" style="top: -52px;"><span class="top" style="height: 61px;"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>knowledge-accessor</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-2"><a href="wildwood.schema.html"><div class="inner"><span class="tree"><span class="top"></span><span class="bottom"></span></span><span>schema</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#analysis" name="analysis"></a>Analysis</h1>
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<h2><a href="#accounts-from-the-philosophy-of-science" name="accounts-from-the-philosophy-of-science"></a>Accounts from the Philosophy of Science</h2>
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<p>(Towards another chapter. What l want to do is: ,</p>
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<p>Thus those practitioners in the field of Expert Systems who advance Toulmin as an authority must face up to this corrolary: if Toulmin’s arguments are valid, then there cannot ever be a successful Expert System based on any technology we have now available, as all current Expert Systems are based on some logical formalism (even if, as in the case of production systems, this formalism is crude); and all, certainly, claim to be decision processes for arguments in their domain. As such, according to Toulmin, they are the modern equivalents of the PhiIosophers’ stone - they cannot exist.</p>
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<p>He was, to be fair to him, writing in the year that LISP was being developed, when the posibility of mechanical inference was dreamed of only by visionaries like Turing; nevertheless the cavalier manner in which he dismisses all of the 19th and 20th century advances in logic significantly weakens his claims to be taken seriously in this field.</p>
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<p>But if Toulmin cannot be taken seriously as a logician, is there any residual value in his work on argument? I think it is possible that there is, because the argument schema with which he hoped to replace both the traditional syllogism, and the formalisms of modern logic, does indeed capture the content of normal conversational discussion in an easily manageable form. Had Toulmin advanced this and this only, I think he might have been taken more seriously; and I think there is merit in the current revival of interest in it.</p>
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<h3><a href="#the-schema" name="the-schema"></a>The Schema</h3>
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<h3><a href="#the-toulmin-schema" name="the-toulmin-schema"></a>The Toulmin Schema</h3>
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<p>Toulmin’s concern is with arguments as they are presented informally, in conversation or writing, and the relation between the form of such informal arguments and the forms recognised by formal logic.</p>
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<p>He questions whether the aristotelian ‘standard form’ of an argument is ‘candid’; that is, whether it is presented in such a way as to make its merits as argument most manifest. He suggests that the analysis into only three elements, major premiss, minor premiss, conclusion may be artificially simplified:</p>
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<blockquote>
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