Added stubs for missing chapters, new diagram for family tree
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doc/Experience.md
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doc/Experience.md
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# Experience
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{Not yet written. To cover an evaluation of the Clojure Wildwood library, when it works, and what I can learn from it going forward}
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@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
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The object of this chapter is to describe and discuss the development of Expert System explanations from the beginning' to the most recent systems. The argument which I will try to advance is that development has been continuously driven by the perceived inadequacy of the explanations given; and that, while many ad hoc, and some principled, approaches have been tried, no really adequate explanation system has emerged. Further, I will claim that, as some of the later and more principled explanation systems accurately model the accounts of explanation advanced in current philosophy, the philosophical understanding of explanation is itself inadequate.
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{I ought to add to this chapter to give some overview of what's happened since 1990, and look at explanations of neural network decisions, because that will help in later parts/chapters of Part One}
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## Family Tree of Systems discussed
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(diagram here)|
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Chronology relates to publication, and not to implementation. Links are shown where system designers acknowledge influence, or where family resemblance between systems is extremely obvious. In a small field like this, it is reasonably (but not absolutely) safe to assume that major practitioners are up to date with the current literature.
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@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ The HOW query, by contrast, operates on a history list, and requires, as argume
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Some numbered statements, eg (5.0) below, do not appear to be 'test parts' of any rule. It is not made clear what the effect of asking 'WHY [5.0]' would be.
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####= Example, user input in bold:
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##### Example, user input prefixed with '**' prompt:
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Where is the suspected portal of entry of organism-1 into this sterile site?
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@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ Some numbered statements, eg (5.0) below, do not appear to be 'test parts' of a
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[4.0] At that point Rule 021 was being used.
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**HOW [4.0]
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** HOW [4.0]
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[I.e., how was Rule 021 used?]
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@ -608,7 +610,7 @@ The strategy used is described as less ambitious than schemes which involve con
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Barr, A & Feigenbaum, E A: The Handbook of 'Artificial Intelligence, Pitman, 82, especially articles VII B, TEIRESIAS, and VIII B1, MYCIN
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Brooke, S: Interactive Graphical Representation of Knowledge: in Proceedings of the Alvey KBS Club SIG on Explanation second workshop, 87
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Brooke, S: Interactive Graphical Representation of Knowledge: in Proceedings of the Alvey KBS Club SIG on Explanation second workshop, 87 {have this}
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Buchanan, B, Sutherland, G, & Feigenbaum, EA; Heuristic Dendral: a program for generating explanatory hypotheses in organic chemistry: in Meltzer & Michie, eds, Machine Intelligence 4: Edinburgh University Press, 1969;
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@ -630,7 +632,7 @@ Mott, P & Brooke, S: A Graphical Inference Mechanism: in Expert Systems iv,
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Pople, H E: The Formation of Composite Hypotheses in Diagnostic Problem Solving - an Exercise in Synthetic Reasoning in Papers presented at the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977
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Swartout, W: A Digitalis Therapy Advisor with Explanations: in Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977
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Swartout, W: A Digitalis Therapy Advisor with Explanations: in Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977 {hav this}
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Swartout, W R: XPLAIN: a System for Creating and Explaining Expert Consulting Programs: in Artificial Intelligence 21, 1983
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doc/Implementing.md
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doc/Implementing.md
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# Implementing
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{not yet written. To cover the actual structure of the Clojure Wildwood library, as I do it}
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Manifesto
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=========
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# Manifesto
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Machine inference – automated reasoning, the core of what gets called
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Artificial Intellegence – has ab initio been based on the assumption
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@ -33,8 +32,7 @@ persuade, not to inform but to convince. This thesis succeeds not if in
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some arid, clockwork, mechanical sense I am right, but if, having read
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it, you believe that I am.
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On inference and explanation
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----------------------------
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## On inference and explanation
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I wrote the first draft of this thesis thirty two years ago. In that
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draft I was concerned with the very poor explanations that mechanised
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On the subtext of a predicate
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-----------------------------
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# On the subtext of a predicate
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Predicates are not atomic. They do not come single spies, but freighted
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with battalions of inferable subtexts. Suppose Anthony says
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Brutus killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March
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Brutus killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March
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I learn more than just that 'Brutus killed Caesar in Rome during the
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ides of March'. I also learn that
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@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ ides of March'. I also learn that
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Suppose Drusilla now says
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E killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March
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Longus killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March
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this casts doubt on Anthony's primary claim, and on the belief that
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Brutus is a killer; but it reinforces the beliefs that
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@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ Brutus is a killer; but it reinforces the beliefs that
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If Falco then says
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No, I heard from Gaius that it happened in April
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No, I heard from Gaius that it happened in April
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the beliefs that
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doc/Reimagining.md
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doc/Reimagining.md
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# Reimagining
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{not yet written. To cover development of the Clojure Wildwood library, and the thinking and design which develops as I do it}
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## Introduction to Wildwood
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# Introduction to Wildwood
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I started building Wildwood nearly forty years ago on InterLisp-D workstations.
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Then, because of changing academic projects, I lost access to those machines,
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and the project was effectively abandoned. But, I've kept thinking about it; it
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has cool ideas.
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### Explicable inference
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## Explicable inference
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Wildwood was a follow on from ideas developed in Arboretum, an inference system
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based on a novel propositional logic using defaults. Arboretum was documented in
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ This explicability was, I felt, a key value. Wildwood, while being able to infer
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over much broader and more messy domains, should be at least as transparent
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and easy to understand as Arboretum.
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### Game theoretic reasoning
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## Game theoretic reasoning
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The insight which is central to the design of Wildwood is that human argument
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does not seek to preserve truth, it seeks to be hegemonic: to persuade the
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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Consequently, an inference process should be a set of at least two arguing
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processes, each of whom takes a different initial view and seeks to defend it
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using a system of legal moves.
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### Against truth
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## Against truth
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Wildwood was originally intended to be a part of my (unfinished) thesis,
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[Against Truth](AgainstTruth.html), which is included in this archive for
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