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Added stubs for missing chapters, new diagram for family tree

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC ""
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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>History</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#history" name="history"></a>History</h1>
<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>History</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#history" name="history"></a>History</h1>
<h2><a href="#history-introduction" name="history-introduction"></a>History: Introduction</h2>
<p>The object of this chapter is to describe and discuss the development of Expert System explanations from the beginning’ to the most recent systems. The argument which I will try to advance is that development has been continuously driven by the perceived inadequacy of the explanations given; and that, while many ad hoc, and some principled, approaches have been tried, no really adequate explanation system has emerged. Further, I will claim that, as some of the later and more principled explanation systems accurately model the accounts of explanation advanced in current philosophy, the philosophical understanding of explanation is itself inadequate.</p>
<p>{I ought to add to this chapter to give some overview of what’s happened since 1990, and look at explanations of neural network decisions, because that will help in later parts/chapters of Part One}</p>
<h2><a href="#family-tree-of-systems-discussed" name="family-tree-of-systems-discussed"></a>Family Tree of Systems discussed</h2>
<p>(diagram here)|</p>
<p><img src="../img/family-tree.svg" alt="Family tree" /></p>
<p>Chronology relates to publication, and not to implementation. Links are shown where system designers acknowledge influence, or where family resemblance between systems is extremely obvious. In a small field like this, it is reasonably (but not absolutely) safe to assume that major practitioners are up to date with the current literature.</p>
<p>Contrary to the current view, expressed by such authors as Weiner:</p>
<p>“… (Expert) systems include some mechanism for giving explanations, since their credibility depends on the user’s ability to follow their reasoning, thereby verifying that an answer is correct.” [Weiner, 80]</p>
@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ DONE
<h4><a href="#the-how-question" name="the-how-question"></a>The HOW question</h4>
<p>The HOW query, by contrast, operates on a history list, and requires, as argument, a statement number. The response given is (again templated) a print out of the rule whose ’test part is given in the numbered statement. Thus there are two quite different semantics to HOW. HOW of a rule which has been evaluated will give what is in some sense a justification (by modus ponens) for belief in the statement - in this sense it might be rendered “how do you know that…”. HOW of a rule which has yet to be evaluated gives procedural information about how to find the truth value of the statement, and might be rendered “how would you find out whether…”. These different semantics are to some extent signalled by the use of different templates.</p>
<p>Some numbered statements, eg (5.0) below, do not appear to be ‘test parts’ of any rule. It is not made clear what the effect of asking ‘WHY [5.0]’ would be.</p>
<p>####= Example, user input in bold:</p>
<h5><a href="#example-user-input-prefixed-with-prompt-" name="example-user-input-prefixed-with-prompt-"></a>Example, user input prefixed with ’**’ prompt:</h5>
<pre><code>Where is the suspected portal of entry of organism-1 into this sterile site?
** WHY 
@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ There is strongly suggestive evidence (.9) that Enterobacteriacea is the class
[4.0] At that point Rule 021 was being used.
**HOW [4.0] 
** HOW [4.0] 
[I.e., how was Rule 021 used?]
@ -458,7 +459,7 @@ of Peter's support.
<p>3 MYCIN/TEIRESIAS used “certainty factors” (not to be confused with formal indices of probability) to express its confidence in steps of reasoning. These were entered by the Knowledge Engineer for the individual rules, and manipulated arithmetically by the inference mechanism. They ranged in value from -1 (certainly false) through to (no confidence at all in the reasoning step) to 1 (certainty). </p>
<h2><a href="#references" name="references"></a>References</h2>
<p>Barr, A &amp; Feigenbaum, E A: The Handbook of ’Artificial Intelligence, Pitman, 82, especially articles VII B, TEIRESIAS, and VIII B1, MYCIN</p>
<p>Brooke, S: Interactive Graphical Representation of Knowledge: in Proceedings of the Alvey KBS Club SIG on Explanation second workshop, 87</p>
<p>Brooke, S: Interactive Graphical Representation of Knowledge: in Proceedings of the Alvey KBS Club SIG on Explanation second workshop, 87 {have this}</p>
<p>Buchanan, B, Sutherland, G, &amp; Feigenbaum, EA; Heuristic Dendral: a program for generating explanatory hypotheses in organic chemistry: in Meltzer &amp; Michie, eds, Machine Intelligence 4: Edinburgh University Press, 1969;</p>
<p>Buchanan, BG &amp; Feigenbaum, EA: Dendral and Meta-Dendral: Their Applications Dimension: in Artificial Intelligence 11, 1978</p>
<p>Davis, R, Buchanan, B and Shortliffe, E: Production Rules as a Representation for a Knowledge-Based Consultation Program: in Artificial Intelligence 8, 1977</p>
@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ of Peter's support.
<p>Miller, Perry L: A Critiqueing Approach to Expert Computer Advice: ATTENDING: Pitman Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1, London, 1984</p>
<p>Mott, P &amp; Brooke, S: A Graphical Inference Mechanism: in Expert Systems iv, 2, May 87</p>
<p>Pople, H E: The Formation of Composite Hypotheses in Diagnostic Problem Solving - an Exercise in Synthetic Reasoning in Papers presented at the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977</p>
<p>Swartout, W: A Digitalis Therapy Advisor with Explanations: in Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977</p>
<p>Swartout, W: A Digitalis Therapy Advisor with Explanations: in Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977 {hav this}</p>
<p>Swartout, W R: XPLAIN: a System for Creating and Explaining Expert Consulting Programs: in Artificial Intelligence 21, 1983</p>
<p>Walker, A: Automatic Generation of Explanations of Results from Knowledge Bases: Research Report RJ3481, IBM Research Laboratory, San</p>
<p>Jose, California, 1982)</p>