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# Experience
{Not yet written. To cover an evaluation of the Clojure Wildwood library, when it works, and what I can learn from it going forward}

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The object of this chapter is to describe and discuss the development of Expert System explanations from the beginning' to the most recent systems. The argument which I will try to advance is that development has been continuously driven by the perceived inadequacy of the explanations given; and that, while many ad hoc, and some principled, approaches have been tried, no really adequate explanation system has emerged. Further, I will claim that, as some of the later and more principled explanation systems accurately model the accounts of explanation advanced in current philosophy, the philosophical understanding of explanation is itself inadequate. The object of this chapter is to describe and discuss the development of Expert System explanations from the beginning' to the most recent systems. The argument which I will try to advance is that development has been continuously driven by the perceived inadequacy of the explanations given; and that, while many ad hoc, and some principled, approaches have been tried, no really adequate explanation system has emerged. Further, I will claim that, as some of the later and more principled explanation systems accurately model the accounts of explanation advanced in current philosophy, the philosophical understanding of explanation is itself inadequate.
{I ought to add to this chapter to give some overview of what's happened since 1990, and look at explanations of neural network decisions, because that will help in later parts/chapters of Part One}
## Family Tree of Systems discussed ## Family Tree of Systems discussed
(diagram here)| ![Family tree](../img/family-tree.svg)
Chronology relates to publication, and not to implementation. Links are shown where system designers acknowledge influence, or where family resemblance between systems is extremely obvious. In a small field like this, it is reasonably (but not absolutely) safe to assume that major practitioners are up to date with the current literature. Chronology relates to publication, and not to implementation. Links are shown where system designers acknowledge influence, or where family resemblance between systems is extremely obvious. In a small field like this, it is reasonably (but not absolutely) safe to assume that major practitioners are up to date with the current literature.
@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ The HOW query, by contrast, operates on a history list, and requires, as argume
Some numbered statements, eg (5.0) below, do not appear to be 'test parts' of any rule. It is not made clear what the effect of asking 'WHY [5.0]' would be. Some numbered statements, eg (5.0) below, do not appear to be 'test parts' of any rule. It is not made clear what the effect of asking 'WHY [5.0]' would be.
####= Example, user input in bold: ##### Example, user input prefixed with '**' prompt:
Where is the suspected portal of entry of organism-1 into this sterile site? Where is the suspected portal of entry of organism-1 into this sterile site?
@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ Some numbered statements, eg (5.0) below, do not appear to be 'test parts' of a
[4.0] At that point Rule 021 was being used. [4.0] At that point Rule 021 was being used.
**HOW [4.0]  ** HOW [4.0] 
[I.e., how was Rule 021 used?] [I.e., how was Rule 021 used?]
@ -608,7 +610,7 @@ The strategy used is described as less ambitious than schemes which involve con
Barr, A & Feigenbaum, E A: The Handbook of 'Artificial Intelligence, Pitman, 82, especially articles VII B, TEIRESIAS, and VIII B1, MYCIN Barr, A & Feigenbaum, E A: The Handbook of 'Artificial Intelligence, Pitman, 82, especially articles VII B, TEIRESIAS, and VIII B1, MYCIN
Brooke, S: Interactive Graphical Representation of Knowledge: in Proceedings of the Alvey KBS Club SIG on Explanation second workshop, 87 Brooke, S: Interactive Graphical Representation of Knowledge: in Proceedings of the Alvey KBS Club SIG on Explanation second workshop, 87 {have this}
Buchanan, B, Sutherland, G, & Feigenbaum, EA; Heuristic Dendral: a program for generating explanatory hypotheses in organic chemistry: in Meltzer & Michie, eds, Machine Intelligence 4: Edinburgh University Press, 1969; Buchanan, B, Sutherland, G, & Feigenbaum, EA; Heuristic Dendral: a program for generating explanatory hypotheses in organic chemistry: in Meltzer & Michie, eds, Machine Intelligence 4: Edinburgh University Press, 1969;
@ -630,7 +632,7 @@ Mott, P & Brooke, S: A Graphical Inference Mechanism: in Expert Systems iv,
Pople, H E: The Formation of Composite Hypotheses in Diagnostic Problem Solving - an Exercise in Synthetic Reasoning in Papers presented at the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977 Pople, H E: The Formation of Composite Hypotheses in Diagnostic Problem Solving - an Exercise in Synthetic Reasoning in Papers presented at the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977
Swartout, W: A Digitalis Therapy Advisor with Explanations: in Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977 Swartout, W: A Digitalis Therapy Advisor with Explanations: in Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977 {hav this}
Swartout, W R: XPLAIN: a System for Creating and Explaining Expert Consulting Programs: in Artificial Intelligence 21, 1983 Swartout, W R: XPLAIN: a System for Creating and Explaining Expert Consulting Programs: in Artificial Intelligence 21, 1983

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# Implementing
{not yet written. To cover the actual structure of the Clojure Wildwood library, as I do it}

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Manifesto # Manifesto
=========
Machine inference – automated reasoning, the core of what gets called Machine inference – automated reasoning, the core of what gets called
Artificial Intellegence – has ab initio been based on the assumption Artificial Intellegence – has ab initio been based on the assumption
@ -33,8 +32,7 @@ persuade, not to inform but to convince. This thesis succeeds not if in
some arid, clockwork, mechanical sense I am right, but if, having read some arid, clockwork, mechanical sense I am right, but if, having read
it, you believe that I am. it, you believe that I am.
On inference and explanation ## On inference and explanation
----------------------------
I wrote the first draft of this thesis thirty two years ago. In that I wrote the first draft of this thesis thirty two years ago. In that
draft I was concerned with the very poor explanations that mechanised draft I was concerned with the very poor explanations that mechanised

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On the subtext of a predicate # On the subtext of a predicate
-----------------------------
Predicates are not atomic. They do not come single spies, but freighted Predicates are not atomic. They do not come single spies, but freighted
with battalions of inferable subtexts. Suppose Anthony says with battalions of inferable subtexts. Suppose Anthony says
Brutus killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March Brutus killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March
I learn more than just that 'Brutus killed Caesar in Rome during the I learn more than just that 'Brutus killed Caesar in Rome during the
ides of March'. I also learn that ides of March'. I also learn that
@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ ides of March'. I also learn that
Suppose Drusilla now says Suppose Drusilla now says
E killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March Longus killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March
this casts doubt on Anthony's primary claim, and on the belief that this casts doubt on Anthony's primary claim, and on the belief that
Brutus is a killer; but it reinforces the beliefs that Brutus is a killer; but it reinforces the beliefs that
@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ Brutus is a killer; but it reinforces the beliefs that
If Falco then says If Falco then says
No, I heard from Gaius that it happened in April No, I heard from Gaius that it happened in April
the beliefs that the beliefs that

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# Reimagining
{not yet written. To cover development of the Clojure Wildwood library, and the thinking and design which develops as I do it}

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## Introduction to Wildwood # Introduction to Wildwood
I started building Wildwood nearly forty years ago on InterLisp-D workstations. I started building Wildwood nearly forty years ago on InterLisp-D workstations.
Then, because of changing academic projects, I lost access to those machines, Then, because of changing academic projects, I lost access to those machines,
and the project was effectively abandoned. But, I've kept thinking about it; it and the project was effectively abandoned. But, I've kept thinking about it; it
has cool ideas. has cool ideas.
### Explicable inference ## Explicable inference
Wildwood was a follow on from ideas developed in Arboretum, an inference system Wildwood was a follow on from ideas developed in Arboretum, an inference system
based on a novel propositional logic using defaults. Arboretum was documented in based on a novel propositional logic using defaults. Arboretum was documented in
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ This explicability was, I felt, a key value. Wildwood, while being able to infer
over much broader and more messy domains, should be at least as transparent over much broader and more messy domains, should be at least as transparent
and easy to understand as Arboretum. and easy to understand as Arboretum.
### Game theoretic reasoning ## Game theoretic reasoning
The insight which is central to the design of Wildwood is that human argument The insight which is central to the design of Wildwood is that human argument
does not seek to preserve truth, it seeks to be hegemonic: to persuade the does not seek to preserve truth, it seeks to be hegemonic: to persuade the
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Consequently, an inference process should be a set of at least two arguing
processes, each of whom takes a different initial view and seeks to defend it processes, each of whom takes a different initial view and seeks to defend it
using a system of legal moves. using a system of legal moves.
### Against truth ## Against truth
Wildwood was originally intended to be a part of my (unfinished) thesis, Wildwood was originally intended to be a part of my (unfinished) thesis,
[Against Truth](AgainstTruth.html), which is included in this archive for [Against Truth](AgainstTruth.html), which is included in this archive for

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "" <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC ""
""> "">
<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Against Truth</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#against-truth" name="against-truth"></a>Against Truth</h1> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Against Truth</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#against-truth" name="against-truth"></a>Against Truth</h1>
<p><a href="mailto:simon@journeyman.cc">Simon Brooke</a></p> <p><a href="mailto:simon@journeyman.cc">Simon Brooke</a></p>
<blockquote> <blockquote>
<p>Hey, what IS truth, man? [Beeblebrox, quoted in [Adams, 1978]]</p> <p>Hey, what IS truth, man? [Beeblebrox, quoted in [Adams, 1978]]</p>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "" <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC ""
""> "">
<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Analysis</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#analysis" name="analysis"></a>Analysis</h1> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Analysis</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#analysis" name="analysis"></a>Analysis</h1>
<h2><a href="#accounts-from-the-philosophy-of-science" name="accounts-from-the-philosophy-of-science"></a>Accounts from the Philosophy of Science</h2> <h2><a href="#accounts-from-the-philosophy-of-science" name="accounts-from-the-philosophy-of-science"></a>Accounts from the Philosophy of Science</h2>
<p>(Towards another chapter. What l want to do is: ,</p> <p>(Towards another chapter. What l want to do is: ,</p>
<ol> <ol>
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ a is x
<p>The latter form implies a completion has occurred.</p> <p>The latter form implies a completion has occurred.</p>
<p>An explanation has not occurred until the act of explanation has occurred. For John to have explained why x, it is not sufficient that he knew why x.</p> <p>An explanation has not occurred until the act of explanation has occurred. For John to have explained why x, it is not sufficient that he knew why x.</p>
<p>‘Explaining’ is illocutionary [see Austin, how to do things with words]; it is done in an appropriate context. Out of such a context, the same statement would be an equivalent perlocutary act: ‘enlightening’, ‘getting &lt;the auditor&gt; to understand’.</p> <p>‘Explaining’ is illocutionary [see Austin, how to do things with words]; it is done in an appropriate context. Out of such a context, the same statement would be an equivalent perlocutary act: ‘enlightening’, ‘getting &lt;the auditor&gt; to understand’.</p>
<p>The intention of an explaining act must be to engender understanding of the explicanda. Achinstein does not state, but may be taken to imply, that for such an act to take place there must (at any rate in the mind of the explainer) be some explainee or auditor, in whose mind understanding is to be engendered[^1].</p> <p>The intention of an explaining act must be to engender understanding of the explicanda. Achinstein does not state, but may be taken to imply, that for such an act to take place there must (at any rate in the mind of the explainer) be some explainee or auditor, in whose mind understanding is to be engendered[Achinstein 1].</p>
<blockquote> <blockquote>
<p>"The first condition expresses what I take to be a fundamental relationship between explaining and understanding. It is that S explains q by uttering u only if</p> <p>"The first condition expresses what I take to be a fundamental relationship between explaining and understanding. It is that S explains q by uttering u only if</p>
<ol> <ol>
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ a is x
<p>If explaining is to be seen as an act directed at engendering understanding, some account of what is meant by ‘understanding’ must be supplied. Achinstein asserts that:</p> <p>If explaining is to be seen as an act directed at engendering understanding, some account of what is meant by ‘understanding’ must be supplied. Achinstein asserts that:</p>
<p>"One understands q only if one knows a correct answer to Q which one knows to be correct (sic)… we can say that a necessary condition for the truth of sentences of the form ‘At understands q’ is</p> <p>"One understands q only if one knows a correct answer to Q which one knows to be correct (sic)… we can say that a necessary condition for the truth of sentences of the form ‘At understands q’ is</p>
<blockquote> <blockquote>
<p>(∀x)(A knows of x that it is a correct answer to Q)" (p 23 - 4)</p> <p>“(∀x)(A knows of x that it is a correct answer to Q)” (p 23 - 4)</p>
</blockquote> </blockquote>
<p>Achinstein’s essential problem is quite simple to express: he wants to say that one doesn’t understand something until one not only knows a proposition which expresses the reason for it, and knows that this proposition does in fact express the ‘correct’ reason, but also has internalised this proposition.</p> <p>Achinstein’s essential problem is quite simple to express: he wants to say that one doesn’t understand something until one not only knows a proposition which expresses the reason for it, and knows that this proposition does in fact express the ‘correct’ reason, but also has internalised this proposition.</p>
<h4><a href="#content-giving-propositions" name="content-giving-propositions"></a>‘Content-giving Propositions’</h4> <h4><a href="#content-giving-propositions" name="content-giving-propositions"></a>‘Content-giving Propositions’</h4>
@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ a is x
<h3><a href="#linguistics" name="linguistics"></a>Linguistics</h3> <h3><a href="#linguistics" name="linguistics"></a>Linguistics</h3>
<p>Sperber, Relevance {have this}</p> <p>Sperber, Relevance {have this}</p>
<h3><a href="#psychology" name="psychology"></a>Psychology</h3> <h3><a href="#psychology" name="psychology"></a>Psychology</h3>
<p>Antaki, C: Lay Explanations of Behaviour</p> <p>Antaki, C., (1989) ‘‘Lay explanations of behaviour: two psychological cultures’’, in <em>Expert Knowledge and Explanation: The Knowledge-language Interface</em>, Ellis, C. (ed), Ellis Harwood, London, pp 42-60.</p>
<p>Antaki, C: Analysing Everyday Explanation</p> <p>Antaki, C: Analysing Everyday Explanation</p>
<p>Craik, The Nature of Explanation</p> <p>Craik, The Nature of Explanation</p>
<p>Draper, S W: A User Centred Concept of Explanation: Alvey Exp SIG 2</p> <p>Draper, S W: A User Centred Concept of Explanation: Alvey Exp SIG 2</p>
@ -355,4 +355,4 @@ a is x
<h3><a href="#artificial-intelligence" name="artificial-intelligence"></a>Artificial Intelligence</h3> <h3><a href="#artificial-intelligence" name="artificial-intelligence"></a>Artificial Intelligence</h3>
<p>A Goguen, Reasoning and Natural Explanation `</p> <p>A Goguen, Reasoning and Natural Explanation `</p>
<hr /> <hr />
<p>[^1]: Later (p 19), Achinstein refers to ‘the audience’. By contrast, hecites (p 20) an alternative formulation by RJ Mattews in which the audience is explicitly represented. [1][OnHylasAndPhilonus.html] Statement of this argument from Berkley’s ‘Three Dialogues of Hylas and Philonous’</p></div></div></div></body></html> <p>[Achinstein 1]: Later (p 19), Achinstein refers to ‘the audience’. By contrast, he dcites (p 20) an alternative formulation by RJ Mattews in which the audience is explicitly represented. [1][OnHylasAndPhilonus.html] Statement of this argument from Berkley’s ‘Three Dialogues of Hylas and Philonous’</p></div></div></div></body></html>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Arboretum</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#arboretum" name="arboretum"></a>Arboretum</h1> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Arboretum</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#arboretum" name="arboretum"></a>Arboretum</h1>
<p><strong>TODO</strong>: To be scanned from chapter iv of the 21st June 1988 draft.</p> <p><strong>TODO</strong>: To be scanned from chapter iv of the 21st June 1988 draft.</p>
<p><img src="../img/Arboretum_screen.png" alt="Arboretum screen view showing sample explanations" /></p> <p><img src="../img/Arboretum_screen.png" alt="Arboretum screen view showing sample explanations" /></p>
<p><em>Arboretum screen showing a number of generated explanations. This picture was scanned from a 32 year old acetate slide, apologies for quality</em></p></div></div></div></body></html> <p><em>Arboretum screen showing a number of generated explanations. This picture was scanned from a 32 year old acetate slide, apologies for quality</em></p></div></div></div></body></html>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Conception</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#conception" name="conception"></a>Conception</h1> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Conception</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#conception" name="conception"></a>Conception</h1>
<p><strong>TODO</strong>: To be scanned from chapter v of the 21st June 1988 draft.</p></div></div></div></body></html> <p><strong>TODO</strong>: To be scanned from chapter v of the 21st June 1988 draft.</p></div></div></div></body></html>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Errata</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#errata" name="errata"></a>Errata</h1> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Errata</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#errata" name="errata"></a>Errata</h1>
<ol> <ol>
<li>On title page: the claim that Zaphod Beeblebrox is quoted as saying ‘Hey, what IS truth, man?’ in the printed text of Douglas Adams ‘Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy’ is false.</li> <li>On title page: the claim that Zaphod Beeblebrox is quoted as saying ‘Hey, what IS truth, man?’ in the printed text of Douglas Adams ‘Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy’ is false.</li>
</ol></div></div></div></body></html> </ol></div></div></div></body></html>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Experience</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#experience" name="experience"></a>Experience</h1>
<p>{Not yet written. To cover an evaluation of the Clojure Wildwood library, when it works, and what I can learn from it going forward}</p></div></div></div></body></html>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>History</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#history" name="history"></a>History</h1> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>History</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#history" name="history"></a>History</h1>
<h2><a href="#history-introduction" name="history-introduction"></a>History: Introduction</h2> <h2><a href="#history-introduction" name="history-introduction"></a>History: Introduction</h2>
<p>The object of this chapter is to describe and discuss the development of Expert System explanations from the beginning’ to the most recent systems. The argument which I will try to advance is that development has been continuously driven by the perceived inadequacy of the explanations given; and that, while many ad hoc, and some principled, approaches have been tried, no really adequate explanation system has emerged. Further, I will claim that, as some of the later and more principled explanation systems accurately model the accounts of explanation advanced in current philosophy, the philosophical understanding of explanation is itself inadequate.</p> <p>The object of this chapter is to describe and discuss the development of Expert System explanations from the beginning’ to the most recent systems. The argument which I will try to advance is that development has been continuously driven by the perceived inadequacy of the explanations given; and that, while many ad hoc, and some principled, approaches have been tried, no really adequate explanation system has emerged. Further, I will claim that, as some of the later and more principled explanation systems accurately model the accounts of explanation advanced in current philosophy, the philosophical understanding of explanation is itself inadequate.</p>
<p>{I ought to add to this chapter to give some overview of what’s happened since 1990, and look at explanations of neural network decisions, because that will help in later parts/chapters of Part One}</p>
<h2><a href="#family-tree-of-systems-discussed" name="family-tree-of-systems-discussed"></a>Family Tree of Systems discussed</h2> <h2><a href="#family-tree-of-systems-discussed" name="family-tree-of-systems-discussed"></a>Family Tree of Systems discussed</h2>
<p>(diagram here)|</p> <p><img src="../img/family-tree.svg" alt="Family tree" /></p>
<p>Chronology relates to publication, and not to implementation. Links are shown where system designers acknowledge influence, or where family resemblance between systems is extremely obvious. In a small field like this, it is reasonably (but not absolutely) safe to assume that major practitioners are up to date with the current literature.</p> <p>Chronology relates to publication, and not to implementation. Links are shown where system designers acknowledge influence, or where family resemblance between systems is extremely obvious. In a small field like this, it is reasonably (but not absolutely) safe to assume that major practitioners are up to date with the current literature.</p>
<p>Contrary to the current view, expressed by such authors as Weiner:</p> <p>Contrary to the current view, expressed by such authors as Weiner:</p>
<p>“… (Expert) systems include some mechanism for giving explanations, since their credibility depends on the user’s ability to follow their reasoning, thereby verifying that an answer is correct.” [Weiner, 80]</p> <p>“… (Expert) systems include some mechanism for giving explanations, since their credibility depends on the user’s ability to follow their reasoning, thereby verifying that an answer is correct.” [Weiner, 80]</p>
@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ DONE
<h4><a href="#the-how-question" name="the-how-question"></a>The HOW question</h4> <h4><a href="#the-how-question" name="the-how-question"></a>The HOW question</h4>
<p>The HOW query, by contrast, operates on a history list, and requires, as argument, a statement number. The response given is (again templated) a print out of the rule whose ’test part is given in the numbered statement. Thus there are two quite different semantics to HOW. HOW of a rule which has been evaluated will give what is in some sense a justification (by modus ponens) for belief in the statement - in this sense it might be rendered “how do you know that…”. HOW of a rule which has yet to be evaluated gives procedural information about how to find the truth value of the statement, and might be rendered “how would you find out whether…”. These different semantics are to some extent signalled by the use of different templates.</p> <p>The HOW query, by contrast, operates on a history list, and requires, as argument, a statement number. The response given is (again templated) a print out of the rule whose ’test part is given in the numbered statement. Thus there are two quite different semantics to HOW. HOW of a rule which has been evaluated will give what is in some sense a justification (by modus ponens) for belief in the statement - in this sense it might be rendered “how do you know that…”. HOW of a rule which has yet to be evaluated gives procedural information about how to find the truth value of the statement, and might be rendered “how would you find out whether…”. These different semantics are to some extent signalled by the use of different templates.</p>
<p>Some numbered statements, eg (5.0) below, do not appear to be ‘test parts’ of any rule. It is not made clear what the effect of asking ‘WHY [5.0]’ would be.</p> <p>Some numbered statements, eg (5.0) below, do not appear to be ‘test parts’ of any rule. It is not made clear what the effect of asking ‘WHY [5.0]’ would be.</p>
<p>####= Example, user input in bold:</p> <h5><a href="#example-user-input-prefixed-with-prompt-" name="example-user-input-prefixed-with-prompt-"></a>Example, user input prefixed with ’**’ prompt:</h5>
<pre><code>Where is the suspected portal of entry of organism-1 into this sterile site? <pre><code>Where is the suspected portal of entry of organism-1 into this sterile site?
** WHY  ** WHY 
@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ There is strongly suggestive evidence (.9) that Enterobacteriacea is the class
[4.0] At that point Rule 021 was being used. [4.0] At that point Rule 021 was being used.
**HOW [4.0]  ** HOW [4.0] 
[I.e., how was Rule 021 used?] [I.e., how was Rule 021 used?]
@ -458,7 +459,7 @@ of Peter's support.
<p>3 MYCIN/TEIRESIAS used “certainty factors” (not to be confused with formal indices of probability) to express its confidence in steps of reasoning. These were entered by the Knowledge Engineer for the individual rules, and manipulated arithmetically by the inference mechanism. They ranged in value from -1 (certainly false) through to (no confidence at all in the reasoning step) to 1 (certainty). </p> <p>3 MYCIN/TEIRESIAS used “certainty factors” (not to be confused with formal indices of probability) to express its confidence in steps of reasoning. These were entered by the Knowledge Engineer for the individual rules, and manipulated arithmetically by the inference mechanism. They ranged in value from -1 (certainly false) through to (no confidence at all in the reasoning step) to 1 (certainty). </p>
<h2><a href="#references" name="references"></a>References</h2> <h2><a href="#references" name="references"></a>References</h2>
<p>Barr, A &amp; Feigenbaum, E A: The Handbook of ’Artificial Intelligence, Pitman, 82, especially articles VII B, TEIRESIAS, and VIII B1, MYCIN</p> <p>Barr, A &amp; Feigenbaum, E A: The Handbook of ’Artificial Intelligence, Pitman, 82, especially articles VII B, TEIRESIAS, and VIII B1, MYCIN</p>
<p>Brooke, S: Interactive Graphical Representation of Knowledge: in Proceedings of the Alvey KBS Club SIG on Explanation second workshop, 87</p> <p>Brooke, S: Interactive Graphical Representation of Knowledge: in Proceedings of the Alvey KBS Club SIG on Explanation second workshop, 87 {have this}</p>
<p>Buchanan, B, Sutherland, G, &amp; Feigenbaum, EA; Heuristic Dendral: a program for generating explanatory hypotheses in organic chemistry: in Meltzer &amp; Michie, eds, Machine Intelligence 4: Edinburgh University Press, 1969;</p> <p>Buchanan, B, Sutherland, G, &amp; Feigenbaum, EA; Heuristic Dendral: a program for generating explanatory hypotheses in organic chemistry: in Meltzer &amp; Michie, eds, Machine Intelligence 4: Edinburgh University Press, 1969;</p>
<p>Buchanan, BG &amp; Feigenbaum, EA: Dendral and Meta-Dendral: Their Applications Dimension: in Artificial Intelligence 11, 1978</p> <p>Buchanan, BG &amp; Feigenbaum, EA: Dendral and Meta-Dendral: Their Applications Dimension: in Artificial Intelligence 11, 1978</p>
<p>Davis, R, Buchanan, B and Shortliffe, E: Production Rules as a Representation for a Knowledge-Based Consultation Program: in Artificial Intelligence 8, 1977</p> <p>Davis, R, Buchanan, B and Shortliffe, E: Production Rules as a Representation for a Knowledge-Based Consultation Program: in Artificial Intelligence 8, 1977</p>
@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ of Peter's support.
<p>Miller, Perry L: A Critiqueing Approach to Expert Computer Advice: ATTENDING: Pitman Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1, London, 1984</p> <p>Miller, Perry L: A Critiqueing Approach to Expert Computer Advice: ATTENDING: Pitman Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1, London, 1984</p>
<p>Mott, P &amp; Brooke, S: A Graphical Inference Mechanism: in Expert Systems iv, 2, May 87</p> <p>Mott, P &amp; Brooke, S: A Graphical Inference Mechanism: in Expert Systems iv, 2, May 87</p>
<p>Pople, H E: The Formation of Composite Hypotheses in Diagnostic Problem Solving - an Exercise in Synthetic Reasoning in Papers presented at the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977</p> <p>Pople, H E: The Formation of Composite Hypotheses in Diagnostic Problem Solving - an Exercise in Synthetic Reasoning in Papers presented at the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977</p>
<p>Swartout, W: A Digitalis Therapy Advisor with Explanations: in Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977</p> <p>Swartout, W: A Digitalis Therapy Advisor with Explanations: in Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT, 1977 {hav this}</p>
<p>Swartout, W R: XPLAIN: a System for Creating and Explaining Expert Consulting Programs: in Artificial Intelligence 21, 1983</p> <p>Swartout, W R: XPLAIN: a System for Creating and Explaining Expert Consulting Programs: in Artificial Intelligence 21, 1983</p>
<p>Walker, A: Automatic Generation of Explanations of Results from Knowledge Bases: Research Report RJ3481, IBM Research Laboratory, San</p> <p>Walker, A: Automatic Generation of Explanations of Results from Knowledge Bases: Research Report RJ3481, IBM Research Laboratory, San</p>
<p>Jose, California, 1982)</p> <p>Jose, California, 1982)</p>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Implementing</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#implementing" name="implementing"></a>Implementing</h1>
<p>{not yet written. To cover the actual structure of the Clojure Wildwood library, as I do it}</p></div></div></div></body></html>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title></title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a 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class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#manifesto" name="manifesto"></a>Manifesto</h1> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Manifesto</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a 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<p>Machine inference – automated reasoning, the core of what gets called Artificial Intellegence – has ab initio been based on the assumption that the purpose of reasoning was to preserve truth. It is because this assumption is false that the project has thus far failed to bear fruit, that Allan Turing’s eponymous test has yet to be passed.</p> <p>Machine inference – automated reasoning, the core of what gets called Artificial Intellegence – has ab initio been based on the assumption that the purpose of reasoning was to preserve truth. It is because this assumption is false that the project has thus far failed to bear fruit, that Allan Turing’s eponymous test has yet to be passed.</p>
<p>Of course it is possible to build machines which, within the constraints of finite store, can accurately compute theora of first order predicate calculus ad nauseam but such machines do not display behaviour which is convincingly intelligent. They are cold and mechanical; we do not recognise ourselves in them. Like the Girl in the Fireplace’s beautiful clocks, they are precisely inhuman.</p> <p>Of course it is possible to build machines which, within the constraints of finite store, can accurately compute theora of first order predicate calculus ad nauseam but such machines do not display behaviour which is convincingly intelligent. They are cold and mechanical; we do not recognise ourselves in them. Like the Girl in the Fireplace’s beautiful clocks, they are precisely inhuman.</p>
<p>As Turing’s test itself shows, intelligence is a hegemonic term, a term laden with implicit propaganda. A machine is ‘intelligent’ if it can persuade a person that it is a person. By ‘intelligent’ we don’t mean ‘capable of perfect reasoning’. We mean ‘like us’; and in meaning ‘like us’ we are smuggling under the covers, as semantic baggage, the claim that we ourselves are intelligent.</p> <p>As Turing’s test itself shows, intelligence is a hegemonic term, a term laden with implicit propaganda. A machine is ‘intelligent’ if it can persuade a person that it is a person. By ‘intelligent’ we don’t mean ‘capable of perfect reasoning’. We mean ‘like us’; and in meaning ‘like us’ we are smuggling under the covers, as semantic baggage, the claim that we ourselves are intelligent.</p>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#on-the-first-dialogue-of-hylas-and-philonous" name="on-the-first-dialogue-of-hylas-and-philonous"></a>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</h1> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#on-the-first-dialogue-of-hylas-and-philonous" name="on-the-first-dialogue-of-hylas-and-philonous"></a>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</h1>
<p>The argument that our perception of a ‘real world’ does not prove its existence is not new, of course. Here is a classic statement of a similar argument from BerkeIey’s <em><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/4724/4724-h/4724-h.htm">First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</a></em>:</p> <p>The argument that our perception of a ‘real world’ does not prove its existence is not new, of course. Here is a classic statement of a similar argument from BerkeIey’s <em><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/4724/4724-h/4724-h.htm">First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</a></em>:</p>
<blockquote> <blockquote>
<p>Hyl.: Do we not perceive the stars and moon, for example, to be a A great way off? Is not this, I say, manifest to the senses? I</p> <p>Hyl.: Do we not perceive the stars and moon, for example, to be a A great way off? Is not this, I say, manifest to the senses? I</p>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title></title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h2><a href="#on-the-subtext-of-a-predicate" name="on-the-subtext-of-a-predicate"></a>On the subtext of a predicate</h2> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>On the subtext of a predicate</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#on-the-subtext-of-a-predicate" name="on-the-subtext-of-a-predicate"></a>On the subtext of a predicate</h1>
<p>Predicates are not atomic. They do not come single spies, but freighted with battalions of inferable subtexts. Suppose Anthony says</p> <p>Predicates are not atomic. They do not come single spies, but freighted with battalions of inferable subtexts. Suppose Anthony says</p>
<p>Brutus killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March</p> <pre><code>Brutus killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March
</code></pre>
<p>I learn more than just that ‘Brutus killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March’. I also learn that</p> <p>I learn more than just that ‘Brutus killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March’. I also learn that</p>
<ul> <ul>
<li>Brutus is a killer</li> <li>Brutus is a killer</li>
@ -11,7 +12,8 @@
<li>The ides of March are a time to be extra cautious</li> <li>The ides of March are a time to be extra cautious</li>
</ul> </ul>
<p>Suppose Drusilla now says</p> <p>Suppose Drusilla now says</p>
<p>E killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March</p> <pre><code>Longus killed Caesar in Rome during the ides of March
</code></pre>
<p>this casts doubt on Anthony’s primary claim, and on the belief that Brutus is a killer; but it reinforces the beliefs that</p> <p>this casts doubt on Anthony’s primary claim, and on the belief that Brutus is a killer; but it reinforces the beliefs that</p>
<ul> <ul>
<li>Caesar has been killed</li> <li>Caesar has been killed</li>
@ -19,7 +21,8 @@
<li>The ides of March are a time to be extra cautious.</li> <li>The ides of March are a time to be extra cautious.</li>
</ul> </ul>
<p>If Falco then says</p> <p>If Falco then says</p>
<p>No, I heard from Gaius that it happened in April</p> <pre><code>No, I heard from Gaius that it happened in April
</code></pre>
<p>the beliefs that</p> <p>the beliefs that</p>
<ul> <ul>
<li>Caesar has been killed</li> <li>Caesar has been killed</li>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Reimagining</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#reimagining" name="reimagining"></a>Reimagining</h1>
<p>{not yet written. To cover development of the Clojure Wildwood library, and the thinking and design which develops as I do it}</p></div></div></div></body></html>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>The Problem</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#the-problem" name="the-problem"></a>The Problem</h1> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>The Problem</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#the-problem" name="the-problem"></a>The Problem</h1>
<p>In this chapter talk about the perceived need for expert system explanations. Advance:</p> <p>In this chapter talk about the perceived need for expert system explanations. Advance:</p>
<p>the arguments used by expert systems designers, saying why explanations are needed;</p> <p>the arguments used by expert systems designers, saying why explanations are needed;</p>
<p>the arguments used by critics which claim that the explanations given are not good enough.</p> <p>the arguments used by critics which claim that the explanations given are not good enough.</p>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Wildwood 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="namespace-index" id="content"><h1><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></h1><h5 class="license">Released under the <a href="https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0/">EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-or-later WITH Classpath-exception-2.0</a></h5><div class="doc"><p>A general inference library using a game theoretic inference mechanism.</p></div><h2>Installation</h2><p>To install, add the following dependency to your project or build file:</p><pre class="deps">[wildwood "0.1.0-SNAPSHOT"]</pre><h2>Topics</h2><ul class="topics"><li><a href="AgainstTruth.html">Against Truth</a></li><li><a href="Analysis.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="Arboretum.html">Arboretum</a></li><li><a href="Conception.html">Conception</a></li><li><a href="Errata.html">Errata</a></li><li><a href="History.html">History</a></li><li><a href="Manifesto.html"></a></li><li><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html">On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</a></li><li><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"></a></li><li><a href="TheProblem.html">The Problem</a></li><li><a href="intro.html"># Introduction to Wildwood</a></li></ul><h2>Namespaces</h2><div class="namespace"><h3><a href="wildwood.core.html">wildwood.core</a></h3><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><p><strong>TODO</strong>: write docs</p></div></div><div class="index"><p>Public variables and functions:</p><ul><li> <a href="wildwood.core.html#var-foo">foo</a> </li></ul></div></div></div></body></html> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Wildwood 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="namespace-index" id="content"><h1><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></h1><h5 class="license">Released under the <a href="https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0/">EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-or-later WITH Classpath-exception-2.0</a></h5><div class="doc"><p>A general inference library using a game theoretic inference mechanism.</p></div><h2>Installation</h2><p>To install, add the following dependency to your project or build file:</p><pre class="deps">[wildwood "0.1.0-SNAPSHOT"]</pre><h2>Topics</h2><ul class="topics"><li><a href="AgainstTruth.html">Against Truth</a></li><li><a href="Analysis.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="Arboretum.html">Arboretum</a></li><li><a href="Conception.html">Conception</a></li><li><a href="Errata.html">Errata</a></li><li><a href="Experience.html">Experience</a></li><li><a href="History.html">History</a></li><li><a href="Implementing.html">Implementing</a></li><li><a href="Manifesto.html">Manifesto</a></li><li><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html">On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</a></li><li><a href="PredicateSubtext.html">On the subtext of a predicate</a></li><li><a href="Reimagining.html">Reimagining</a></li><li><a href="TheProblem.html">The Problem</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">Introduction to Wildwood</a></li></ul><h2>Namespaces</h2><div class="namespace"><h3><a href="wildwood.core.html">wildwood.core</a></h3><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><p><strong>TODO</strong>: write docs</p></div></div><div class="index"><p>Public variables and functions:</p><ul><li> <a href="wildwood.core.html#var-foo">foo</a> </li></ul></div></div></div></body></html>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title># Introduction to Wildwood</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h2><a href="#introduction-to-wildwood" name="introduction-to-wildwood"></a>Introduction to Wildwood</h2> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Introduction to Wildwood</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="document" id="content"><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><h1><a href="#introduction-to-wildwood" name="introduction-to-wildwood"></a>Introduction to Wildwood</h1>
<p>I started building Wildwood nearly forty years ago on InterLisp-D workstations. Then, because of changing academic projects, I lost access to those machines, and the project was effectively abandoned. But, I’ve kept thinking about it; it has cool ideas.</p> <p>I started building Wildwood nearly forty years ago on InterLisp-D workstations. Then, because of changing academic projects, I lost access to those machines, and the project was effectively abandoned. But, I’ve kept thinking about it; it has cool ideas.</p>
<h3><a href="#explicable-inference" name="explicable-inference"></a>Explicable inference</h3> <h2><a href="#explicable-inference" name="explicable-inference"></a>Explicable inference</h2>
<p>Wildwood was a follow on from ideas developed in Arboretum, an inference system based on a novel propositional logic using defaults. Arboretum was documented in our paper</p> <p>Wildwood was a follow on from ideas developed in Arboretum, an inference system based on a novel propositional logic using defaults. Arboretum was documented in our paper</p>
<p><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00133.x">Mott, P &amp; Brooke, S: A graphical inference mechanism : Expert Systems Volume 4, Issue 2, May 1987, Pages 106-117</a></p> <p><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00133.x">Mott, P &amp; Brooke, S: A graphical inference mechanism : Expert Systems Volume 4, Issue 2, May 1987, Pages 106-117</a></p>
<p>Two things were key about this system: first, we had a systematic mechanism for eliciting knowledge from domain experts into visual representations which it was easy for those experts to validate, and second, the system could easily generate high quality natural language explanations of its decisions, which could be understood (and therefore be challenged) by ordinary people</p> <p>Two things were key about this system: first, we had a systematic mechanism for eliciting knowledge from domain experts into visual representations which it was easy for those experts to validate, and second, the system could easily generate high quality natural language explanations of its decisions, which could be understood (and therefore be challenged) by ordinary people</p>
<p>This explicability was, I felt, a key value. Wildwood, while being able to infer over much broader and more messy domains, should be at least as transparent and easy to understand as Arboretum.</p> <p>This explicability was, I felt, a key value. Wildwood, while being able to infer over much broader and more messy domains, should be at least as transparent and easy to understand as Arboretum.</p>
<h3><a href="#game-theoretic-reasoning" name="game-theoretic-reasoning"></a>Game theoretic reasoning</h3> <h2><a href="#game-theoretic-reasoning" name="game-theoretic-reasoning"></a>Game theoretic reasoning</h2>
<p>The insight which is central to the design of Wildwood is that human argument does not seek to preserve truth, it seeks to be hegemonic: to persuade the auditor of the argument of the advocate.</p> <p>The insight which is central to the design of Wildwood is that human argument does not seek to preserve truth, it seeks to be hegemonic: to persuade the auditor of the argument of the advocate.</p>
<p>Consequently, an inference process should be a set of at least two arguing processes, each of whom takes a different initial view and seeks to defend it using a system of legal moves.</p> <p>Consequently, an inference process should be a set of at least two arguing processes, each of whom takes a different initial view and seeks to defend it using a system of legal moves.</p>
<h3><a href="#against-truth" name="against-truth"></a>Against truth</h3> <h2><a href="#against-truth" name="against-truth"></a>Against truth</h2>
<p>Wildwood was originally intended to be a part of my (unfinished) thesis, <a href="AgainstTruth.html">Against Truth</a>, which is included in this archive for your amusement.</p></div></div></div></body></html> <p>Wildwood was originally intended to be a part of my (unfinished) thesis, <a href="AgainstTruth.html">Against Truth</a>, which is included in this archive for your amusement.</p></div></div></div></body></html>

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<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>wildwood.core documentation</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span></span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span># Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="sidebar secondary"><h3><a href="#top"><span class="inner">Public Vars</span></a></h3><ul><li class="depth-1"><a href="wildwood.core.html#var-foo"><div class="inner"><span>foo</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="namespace-docs" id="content"><h1 class="anchor" id="top">wildwood.core</h1><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><p><strong>TODO</strong>: write docs</p></div></div><div class="public anchor" id="var-foo"><h3>foo</h3><div class="usage"><code>(foo x)</code></div><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><p>I don’t do a whole lot.</p></div></div><div class="src-link"><a href="https://github.com/simon-brooke/the-great-game/blob/master/src/wildwood/core.clj#L3">view source</a></div></div></div></body></html> <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>wildwood.core documentation</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/highlight.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/page_effects.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body><div id="header"><h2>Generated by <a href="https://github.com/weavejester/codox">Codox</a></h2><h1><a href="index.html"><span class="project-title"><span class="project-name">Wildwood</span> <span class="project-version">0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</span></span></a></h1></div><div class="sidebar primary"><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Project</span></h3><ul class="index-link"><li class="depth-1 "><a href="index.html"><div class="inner">Index</div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Topics</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 "><a href="AgainstTruth.html"><div class="inner"><span>Against Truth</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Analysis.html"><div class="inner"><span>Analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Arboretum.html"><div class="inner"><span>Arboretum</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Conception.html"><div class="inner"><span>Conception</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Errata.html"><div class="inner"><span>Errata</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Experience.html"><div class="inner"><span>Experience</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="History.html"><div class="inner"><span>History</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Implementing.html"><div class="inner"><span>Implementing</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Manifesto.html"><div class="inner"><span>Manifesto</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="OnHylasAndPhilonus.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the First Dialogue of Hylas and Philonous</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="PredicateSubtext.html"><div class="inner"><span>On the subtext of a predicate</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="Reimagining.html"><div class="inner"><span>Reimagining</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="TheProblem.html"><div class="inner"><span>The Problem</span></div></a></li><li class="depth-1 "><a href="intro.html"><div class="inner"><span>Introduction to Wildwood</span></div></a></li></ul><h3 class="no-link"><span class="inner">Namespaces</span></h3><ul><li class="depth-1 current"><a href="wildwood.core.html"><div class="inner"><span>wildwood.core</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="sidebar secondary"><h3><a href="#top"><span class="inner">Public Vars</span></a></h3><ul><li class="depth-1"><a href="wildwood.core.html#var-foo"><div class="inner"><span>foo</span></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="namespace-docs" id="content"><h1 class="anchor" id="top">wildwood.core</h1><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><p><strong>TODO</strong>: write docs</p></div></div><div class="public anchor" id="var-foo"><h3>foo</h3><div class="usage"><code>(foo x)</code></div><div class="doc"><div class="markdown"><p>I don’t do a whole lot.</p></div></div><div class="src-link"><a href="https://github.com/simon-brooke/the-great-game/blob/master/src/wildwood/core.clj#L3">view source</a></div></div></div></body></html>

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